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- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity abstract "Extracellular enzymes or exoenzymes are synthesized inside the cell and then secreted outside the cell, where their function is to break down complex macromolecules into smaller units to be taken up by the cell for growth and assimilation. These enzymes degrade complex organic matter such as cellulose and hemicellulose into simple sugars that enzyme-producing organisms use as a source of carbon, energy, and nutrients. Grouped as hydrolases, lyases, oxidoreductases and transferases, these extracellular enzymes control soil enzyme activity through efficient degradation of biopolymers.Upon senescence, plant residues, animals and microorganisms enter the dead organic matter pool and become a source of nutrients and energy for other organisms. Extracellular enzymes target macromolecules such as carbohydrates (cellulases), lignin (oxidases), organic phosphates (phosphatases), amino sugar polymers (chitinases) and proteins (proteases) and break them down into soluble sugars that are subsequently transported into cells to support heterotrophic metabolism.Biopolymers are structurally complex and require the combined actions of a community of diverse microorganisms and their secreted exoenzymes to depolymerize the polysaccharides into easily assimilable monomers. These microbial communities are ubiquitous in nature, inhabiting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The cycling of elements from dead organic matter by heterotrophic soil microorganisms is essential for nutrient turnover and energy transfer in terrestrial ecosystems. Exoenzymes also aid digestion in the guts of ruminants, termites, humans and herbivores. By hydrolyzing plant cell wall polymers, microbes release energy that has the potential to be used by humans as biofuel. Other human uses include waste water treatment, composting and bioethanol production.".
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity thumbnail Birch_Polypore_(Piptoporus_betulinus)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1553987.jpg?width=300.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageExternalLink enzyme.expasy.org.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageExternalLink metacyc.org.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageExternalLink pec.biodbs.info.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageExternalLink www.brenda-enzymes.org.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageExternalLink enzyme.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageExternalLink enzyme.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageExternalLink BioBookEnzym.html.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageExternalLink www.enzyme-database.org.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageExternalLink kegg.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageExternalLink mycoCLAP.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageID "39415854".
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wikiPageRevisionID "591380101".
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity subject Category:Mycology.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity comment "Extracellular enzymes or exoenzymes are synthesized inside the cell and then secreted outside the cell, where their function is to break down complex macromolecules into smaller units to be taken up by the cell for growth and assimilation. These enzymes degrade complex organic matter such as cellulose and hemicellulose into simple sugars that enzyme-producing organisms use as a source of carbon, energy, and nutrients.".
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity label "Fungal extracellular enzyme activity".
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity sameAs m.0vpv04j.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity sameAs Q17165743.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity sameAs Q17165743.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity wasDerivedFrom Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity?oldid=591380101.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity depiction Birch_Polypore_(Piptoporus_betulinus)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1553987.jpg.
- Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity isPrimaryTopicOf Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity.