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- Gelatin_silver_process abstract "The gelatin silver process is the photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers. A suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper. These light-sensitive materials are stable under normal keeping conditions and are able to be exposed and processed even many years after their manufacture. This is in contrast to the collodion wet-plate process dominant from the 1850s–1880s, which had to be exposed and developed immediately after coating.The gelatin silver process was introduced by Richard Leach Maddox in 1871 with subsequent considerable improvements in sensitivity obtained by Charles Harper Bennet in 1878. Research over the last 125 years has led to current materials that exhibit low grain and high sensitivity to light.When small crystals (called grains) of silver salts such as silver bromide and silver chloride are exposed to light, a few atoms of free metallic silver are liberated. These free silver atoms form the latent image. This latent image is relatively stable and will persist for some months without degradation provided the film is kept dark and cool. Films are developed using solutions that reduce silver halides in the presence of free silver atoms. An 'amplification' of the latent image occurs as the silver halides near the free silver atom are reduced to metallic silver. The strength, temperature and time for which the developer is allowed to act allow the photographer to control the contrast of the final image. The development is then stopped by neutralizing the developer in a second bath.Once development is complete, the undeveloped silver salts must be removed by fixing in sodium thiosulphate or ammonium thiosulphate, and then the negative or print must be washed in clean water. The final image consists of metallic silver embedded in the gelatin coating.All gelatin silver photographic materials are subject to deterioration. The silver particles that comprise the image are susceptible to oxidation, leading to yellowing and fading of the image. Poor processing can also result in various forms of image degradation, due to residual silver-thiosulfate complexes. Toning increases the stability of the silver image by coating the silver image with a less easily oxidized metal such as gold, or by converting portions of the silver image particles into more stable compounds, such as silver selenide or silver sulfide.Gelatin silver printing was the dominant photographic process from introduction in the 1880s until the 1960s when it was eclipsed by consumer color photography. The gelatin silver or black-and-white print is thus a primary form of visual documentation in the 20th century. Its widespread use in applications as wide-ranging as fine art, snap shots, and document reproduction led to an extraordinary variety of papers with a wide range of available surface texture and gloss, and paper thickness.".
- Gelatin_silver_process wikiPageExternalLink Weaver_Guide_to_Gelatin_Silver.pdf.
- Gelatin_silver_process wikiPageExternalLink graphicsatlas.org.
- Gelatin_silver_process wikiPageExternalLink notesonphotographs.org.
- Gelatin_silver_process wikiPageExternalLink process_dryplate.html.
- Gelatin_silver_process wikiPageExternalLink www.metroimaging.co.uk.
- Gelatin_silver_process wikiPageID "614735".
- Gelatin_silver_process wikiPageRevisionID "584908647".
- Gelatin_silver_process hasPhotoCollection Gelatin_silver_process.
- Gelatin_silver_process subject Category:Photographic_processes_dating_from_the_19th_century.
- Gelatin_silver_process type Abstraction100002137.
- Gelatin_silver_process type Act100030358.
- Gelatin_silver_process type Activity100407535.
- Gelatin_silver_process type Event100029378.
- Gelatin_silver_process type PhotographicProcessesDatingFromThe19thCentury.
- Gelatin_silver_process type Procedure101023820.
- Gelatin_silver_process type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Gelatin_silver_process type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Gelatin_silver_process comment "The gelatin silver process is the photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers. A suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper. These light-sensitive materials are stable under normal keeping conditions and are able to be exposed and processed even many years after their manufacture.".
- Gelatin_silver_process label "Gelatin silver process".
- Gelatin_silver_process label "Processo da prata coloidal".
- Gelatin_silver_process sameAs Processo_da_prata_coloidal.
- Gelatin_silver_process sameAs m.02wsbf.
- Gelatin_silver_process sameAs Q172984.
- Gelatin_silver_process sameAs Q172984.
- Gelatin_silver_process sameAs Gelatin_silver_process.
- Gelatin_silver_process wasDerivedFrom Gelatin_silver_process?oldid=584908647.
- Gelatin_silver_process isPrimaryTopicOf Gelatin_silver_process.