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- Grid_cell abstract "A grid cell is a type of neuron that has been found in the brains of rats, mice, bats, monkeys, and humans. It is likely to exist in other animals. In a typical experimental study, an electrode capable of recording the activity of an individual neuron is implanted in the cerebral cortex of a rat, in a section called the dorsomedial entorhinal cortex, and recordings are made as the rat moves around freely in an open arena. For a grid cell, if a dot is placed at the location of the rat's head every time the neuron emits an action potential, then as illustrated in the adjoining figure, these dots build up over time to form a set of small clusters, and the clusters form the vertices of a grid of equilateral triangles. This regular triangle-pattern is what distinguishes grid cells from other types of cells that show spatial firing. By contrast, if a place cell from the rat hippocampus is examined in the same way (i.e., by placing a dot at the location of the rat's head whenever the cell emits an action potential), then the dots build up to form small clusters, but frequently there is only one cluster (one "place field") in a given environment, and even when multiple clusters are seen, there is no perceptible regularity in their arrangement. Triangular grids of synchronized neurons were predicted by William H. Calvin in his 1996 monograph The Cerebral Code on the basis of recurrent collateral branches in neocortical pyramidal neurons that had synaptic clusters at a standard spacing. Grid cells were discovered in 2005 by Edvard Moser, May-Britt Moser and their students Torkel Hafting, Marianne Fyhn and Sturla Molden at the Centre for the Biology of Memory (CBM) in Norway. The arrangement of spatial firing fields all at equal distances from their neighbors led to a hypothesis that these cells encode a cognitive representation of Euclidean space. The discovery also suggested a mechanism for dynamic computation of self-position based on continuously updated information about position and direction.What makes grid cells especially interesting is that the regularity in grid spacing does not derive from any regularity in the environment or in the sensory input available to an animal. In other words, grid cells appear to encode a type of abstract spatial structure that is constructed inside the brain and imposed on the environment by the brain with no regard for the sensory features of the environment.".
- Grid_cell thumbnail RatRunningPath.JPG?width=300.
- Grid_cell wikiPageExternalLink english.
- Grid_cell wikiPageID "4226525".
- Grid_cell wikiPageRevisionID "600164037".
- Grid_cell hasPhotoCollection Grid_cell.
- Grid_cell subject Category:Brain.
- Grid_cell subject Category:Neurology.
- Grid_cell subject Category:Neurons.
- Grid_cell subject Category:Perception.
- Grid_cell type Cell100006484.
- Grid_cell type LivingThing100004258.
- Grid_cell type NerveCell105465567.
- Grid_cell type Neurons.
- Grid_cell type Object100002684.
- Grid_cell type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Grid_cell type SomaticCell105430628.
- Grid_cell type Whole100003553.
- Grid_cell comment "A grid cell is a type of neuron that has been found in the brains of rats, mice, bats, monkeys, and humans. It is likely to exist in other animals. In a typical experimental study, an electrode capable of recording the activity of an individual neuron is implanted in the cerebral cortex of a rat, in a section called the dorsomedial entorhinal cortex, and recordings are made as the rat moves around freely in an open arena.".
- Grid_cell label "Cellula grid".
- Grid_cell label "Grid cell".
- Grid_cell label "Grid-нейроны".
- Grid_cell sameAs Cellula_grid.
- Grid_cell sameAs 격자_세포.
- Grid_cell sameAs m.0bq_b3.
- Grid_cell sameAs Q863495.
- Grid_cell sameAs Q863495.
- Grid_cell sameAs Grid_cell.
- Grid_cell wasDerivedFrom Grid_cell?oldid=600164037.
- Grid_cell depiction RatRunningPath.JPG.
- Grid_cell isPrimaryTopicOf Grid_cell.