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• Guatemalan_Civil_War abstract "The Guatemalan Civil War ran from 1960 to 1996. It was mostly fought between the government of Guatemala and various leftist rebel groups supported chiefly by ethnic Mayan indigenous people and Ladino peasants, who together make up the rural poor. The government forces of Guatemala have been condemned for committing genocide against the Mayan population of Guatemala during the civil war and for widespread human rights violations against civilians.Democratic elections in 1944 and 1951 had brought popular leftist governments to power, but a United States backed coup in 1954 installed the military regime of Carlos Castillo Armas, who was followed by a series of conservative military dictators. Continuing social discontent in the 1960s gave rise to a series of armed leftist movements emerging among the large populations of indigenous people and peasants. In 1966 for the first time, the Guatemalan security forces used forced disappearances against the opposition, with the number of disappeared reaching into the tens of thousands by the end of the war. In 1970 the first of many military rulers representing the Institutional Democratic Party took office, and repression increased. During the 1980s, the Guatemalan military assumed almost absolute government power for five years. It had successfully infiltrated and eliminated enemies in every socio-political institution of the nation, including the political, social, and intellectual classes.[citation needed] In the final stage of the civil war, the military developed a parallel, semi-visible, low profile but high-effect, control of Guatemala's national life.As well as fighting between the government's forces and rebel groups, the conflict included, much more significantly, a large-scale campaign of one-sided violence by the government against the Guatemalan civilian population, including indigenous activists, suspected government opponents, returning refugees, critical academics and students, left-leaning politicians, trade unionists, journalists, and street children.Up to 200,000 people died or went missing during the war, including 40,000 to 50,000 people who "disappeared". In 2009, Guatemalan courts sentenced Felipe Cusanero as the first person convicted of the crime of ordering forced disappearances.In 2013, the former dictator Efraín Ríos Montt is on a trial for genocide for the killing and disappearances of more than 1,400 indigenous Ixil Mayans during his 1982-83 rule. He was the first former head of state to be tried for genocide by his country's judicial system.".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "*EGP (1971-1996)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "*FAR (1961-1971)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "*MR-13 (1960-1971)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "*ORPA (1979-1996)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "*PGT".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Argentina".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Chile".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Cuba".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "FMLN".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Guatemalan military".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Israel".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Nicaragua (1979-90)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "South Africa".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Soviet Union".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Supported by".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Taiwan".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "URNG:".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "United States (1962-1996)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Various government-led paramilitary organizations".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander %C3%81lvaro_Arz%C3%BA.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander %C3%93scar_Humberto_Mej%C3%ADa_Victores.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Bernardo_Alvarado_Monz%C3%B3n.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Carlos_Manuel_Arana_Osorio.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Efra%C3%ADn_R%C3%ADos_Montt.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Enrique_Peralta_Azurdia.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Fernando_Romeo_Lucas_Garc%C3%ADa.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Gustavo_Adolfo_Espina_Salguero.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Jorge_Serrano_El%C3%ADas.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Julio_C%C3%A9sar_M%C3%A9ndez_Montenegro.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Kjell_Eugenio_Laugerud_Garc%C3%ADa.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Luis_Augusto_Turcios_Lima.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Marco_Antonio_Yon_Sosa.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Miguel_Yd%C3%ADgoras_Fuentes.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Ramiro_de_Le%C3%B3n_Carpio.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Ricardo_Rosales.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Rodrigo_Asturias.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Rolando_Mor%C3%A1n.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander Vinicio_Cerezo.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War date "1960-11-13".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Central_American_crisis.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War place Guatemala.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War result "Peace accord signed in 1996".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War strength "1.500-3.000 (1994)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War strength "300.000 (1982)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War strength "32.000 (1986)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War strength "45.000 (1994)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War strength "500.000 (1985)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War strength "51.600 (1985)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War strength "6.000 (1982)".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War strength "Military:".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War strength "Paramilitary:".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War strength "URNG:".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War thumbnail Exhumation_in_the_ixil_triangle_in_Guatemala.jpg?width=300.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink ahpn.lib.utexas.edu.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink Empire_s_Workshop.html?id=t5itdZ7oycUC.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink Exporting_democracy.html?id=EFdqAAAAMAAJ.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink In_the_Name_of_Democracy.html?id=5yKdothePfwC.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink Inside_the_League.html?id=GlQEAQAAIAAJ.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink The_American_Connection_State_terror_and.html?id=QO5qAAAAMAAJ.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink books?id=RqMp5TsWCqkC&dq=Inevitable+Revolutions:+The+United+States+in+Central+America&source=gbs_navlinks_s.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink ?page_id=158.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink document-search?keys=&field_padate_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_pacountry_tid=Guatemala&field_paconflict_tid%5B%5D=1.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink ahpn_final_20130620.pdf.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink toc.html.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink part7.html.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink index.htm.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink index.htm.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink guatemala.html.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink guatemala_12-30.html.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink www.statecraft.org.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink ?page_id=168.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=7EIn2ev6sDk.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=G5L1VdlktOw.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=m3ioJGMCr-Y.
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageID "4000053".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War wikiPageRevisionID "606808148".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War align "right".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War caption "Ixil people carrying their loved one's remains after an exhumation in the Ixil Triangle in February 2012.".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War casualties "140000".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "*PGT *MR-13 *FAR *EGP *ORPA Supported by".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Argentina".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Chile".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Cuba".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "FMLN".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Guatemalan military Various government-led paramilitary organizations".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Israel".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Nicaragua".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "South Africa".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Soviet Union".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Supported by".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "Taiwan".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "URNG:".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War combatant "United States".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander "Bernardo Alvarado".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander "Carlos Arana".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander "Efraín Ríos Montt".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander "Enrique Peralta".
• Guatemalan_Civil_War commander "Gustavo Espina".

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