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- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh abstract "Gwoyeu Romatzyh (pinyin: Guóyǔ luómǎzì, literally "National Language Romanization"), abbreviated GR, is a system for writing Mandarin Chinese in the Latin alphabet. The system was conceived by Y.R. Chao (Zhao Yuanren) and developed by a group of linguists including Chao and Lin Yutang from 1925 to 1926. Chao himself later published influential works in linguistics using GR. In addition a small number of other textbooks and dictionaries in GR were published in Hong Kong and overseas from 1942 to 2000.GR is the better known of the two romanization systems which indicate the four tones of Mandarin by varying the spelling of syllables ("tonal spelling"). These tones are a fundamental part of the Chinese language: to a Chinese speaker they are no less a component of a word than vowels are to an English speaker. Tones in Chinese allow speakers to discriminate between otherwise identical syllables—in other words they are phonemic. Other systems indicate the tones with either diacritics (for example Pinyin: āi, ái, ǎi and ài) or numbers (Wade-Giles: ai1, ai2, etc.). GR spells the same four tones ai, air, ae and ay. These spellings, which follow specific rules, indicate the tones while retaining the pronunciation of the syllable ai.Chao claimed that, because GR embeds the tone of each syllable in its spelling, it may help students to master Chinese tones. One study however, found the opposite to be true in a study of GR. GR uses a complicated system of tonal spelling that obscures the basic relationship between spelling and tone; for example, the difference between tones 1 and 2 is variously indicated as mha vs. ma, ching vs. chyng, chang vs. charng, etc. Although tonal spelling has been adopted as part of the normal romanization of a number of Asian languages (e.g. Hmong), all such systems indicate different tones in a simple and consistent fashion by adding letters to the end of a syllable (e.g. in Hmong, -b indicates high tone, -s indicates low tone, -j indicates high-falling tone, etc.). The complexity of GR's tonal spelling led to public hostility.In 1928 China adopted GR as the nation's official romanization system. GR was used to indicate pronunciations in dictionaries of the National (Mandarin-based) Language. Its proponents hoped one day to establish it as a writing system for a reformed Chinese script. But despite support from a small number of trained linguists in China and overseas, GR met with public indifference and even hostility due to its complexity. Another obstacle preventing its widespread adoption was its narrow basis on the Beijing dialect, in a period lacking a strong centralized government to enforce its use. Eventually GR lost ground to Pinyin and other later romanization systems. However, its influence is still evident, as several of the principles introduced by its creators have been used in romanization systems that followed it. Its pattern of tone spelling remains in the standard spelling of the Chinese province of Shaanxi (shǎnxī), which cannot be distinguished from Shanxi (shānxī) when written in pinyin without diacritics.".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh thumbnail Grguo.png?width=300.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wikiPageExternalLink pinyin.pl?if=en.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wikiPageExternalLink gr.htm.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wikiPageExternalLink index.htm.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wikiPageExternalLink read_gr.htm.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wikiPageExternalLink GwoyeuRomatzyh.html.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wikiPageExternalLink DeFr1950.html.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wikiPageExternalLink gwoyeu_romatzyh.html.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wikiPageID "303448".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wikiPageRevisionID "591559944".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh after Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh after Pinyin.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh before "none".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh gr "Gwoyeu Luomaatzyh".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh gr "Gwoyeu Romatzyh".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh hasPhotoCollection Gwoyeu_Romatzyh.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh j "gwok3 jyu3 lo4 ma5 zi6".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh l ""Standard Chinese Romanization"".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh myr "Gwóyǔ Lwómǎdz̀".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh p "Guóyǔ Luómǎzì".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh piccap "The four tones of guo as written in characters and Gwoyeu Romatzyh. Note the spelling differences, highlighted in red, for each tone.".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh piccap "锅 鍋 guo 国 國 gwo 果 果 guoo 过 過 guoh View this table as an image (for browsers unable to display Chinese characters)".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh poj "Kok-gí Lô-má-jī".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh s "国语罗马字".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh t "國語羅馬字".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh title Chinese_language_romanization_in_Taiwan.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh title Romanization_of_Chinese.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh tp "Guóyǔ Luómǎzìh".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh w "Kuo2-yü3 Lo2-ma3-tzu4".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh y "gwok yu lòh máh jih".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh years "1928".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh years "1949".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh subject Category:Chinese_dictionaries.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh subject Category:Romanization_of_Chinese.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type Artifact100021939.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type Book106410904.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type ChineseDictionaries.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type Creation103129123.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type Dictionary106418901.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type Object100002684.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type Product104007894.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type Publication106589574.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type ReferenceBook106417598.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type Whole100003553.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type Wordbook106418693.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh type Work104599396.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh comment "Gwoyeu Romatzyh (pinyin: Guóyǔ luómǎzì, literally "National Language Romanization"), abbreviated GR, is a system for writing Mandarin Chinese in the Latin alphabet. The system was conceived by Y.R. Chao (Zhao Yuanren) and developed by a group of linguists including Chao and Lin Yutang from 1925 to 1926. Chao himself later published influential works in linguistics using GR.".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh label "Gwoyeu Romatzyh".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh label "Gwoyeu Romatzyh".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh label "Gwoyeu Romatzyh".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh label "Gwoyeu Romatzyh".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh label "Gwoyeu Romatzyh".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh label "Gwoyeu romatzyh".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh label "Гоюй ломацзы".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh label "كؤيولؤمتسي".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh label "國語羅馬字".
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs Gwoyeu_Romatzyh.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs Gwoyeu_romatzyh.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs Gwoyeu_Romatzyh.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs Gwoyeu_Romatzyh.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs Gwoyeu_Romatzyh.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs 국어라마자.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs Gwoyeu_Romatzyh.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs m.01s5r1.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs Q24438.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs Q24438.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh sameAs Gwoyeu_Romatzyh.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh wasDerivedFrom Gwoyeu_Romatzyh?oldid=591559944.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh depiction Grguo.png.
- Gwoyeu_Romatzyh isPrimaryTopicOf Gwoyeu_Romatzyh.