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- HLA-A abstract "HLA-A is a group of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that are coded for by the HLA-A locus, which is located at human chromosome 6p21.3. HLA is simply the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) specific to humans. HLA-A is one of three major types of human MHC class I cell surface receptors. The others are HLA-B and HLA-C. The receptor is a heterodimer, and is composed of a heavy α chain and smaller β chain. The α chain is encoded by a variant HLA-A gene, and the β chain (β2-microglobulin) is an invariant β2 microglobulin molecule. The β2 microglobulin protein is coded for by a separate region of the human genome.MHC Class I molecules such as HLA-A are part of a process that presents short polypeptides to the immune system. These polypeptides are typically 7-11 amino acids in length and originate from proteins being expressed by the cell. There are two classes of polypeptide that can be presented by an HLA protein: those that are supposed to be expressed by the cell (self) and those of foreign derivation (non-self). Under normal conditions cytotoxic T cells, which normally patrol the body in the blood, "read" the peptide presented by the complex. T cells, if functioning properly, only bind to non-self peptides. If binding occurs, a series of events is initiated culminating in cell death via apoptosis. In this manner, the human body eliminates any cells infected by a virus or expressing proteins they shouldn't be (e.g. cancerous cells).For humans, as in most mammalian populations, MHC Class I molecules are extremely variable in their primary structure, and HLA-A is ranked among the genes in humans with the fastest-evolving coding sequence. As of December 2013, there are 2432 known HLA-A alleles coding for 1740 active proteins and 117 null proteins. This level of variation on MHC Class I is the primary cause of transplant rejection, as random transplantation between donor and host is unlikely to result in a matching of HLA-A, B or C antigens. Evolutionary biologists also believe that the wide variation in HLAs is a result of a balancing act between conflicting pathogenic pressures. Greater variety of HLAs decreases the probability that the entire population will be wiped out by a single pathogen as certain individuals will be highly resistant to each pathogen. The effect of HLA-A variation on HIV/AIDS progression is discussed here.".
- HLA-A entrezgene "3105".
- HLA-A thumbnail Illustration_HLA-A.png?width=300.
- HLA-A wikiPageExternalLink class1.html.
- HLA-A wikiPageExternalLink DNAanthro.
- HLA-A wikiPageExternalLink www.allelefrequencies.net.
- HLA-A wikiPageExternalLink get_allele.cgi?A*02:02.
- HLA-A wikiPageExternalLink get_allele.cgi?A*02:04.
- HLA-A wikiPageExternalLink get_allele.cgi?A*02:324.
- HLA-A wikiPageExternalLink hgnc_data.php?match=HLA-A.
- HLA-A wikiPageExternalLink 14871896.
- HLA-A wikiPageID "7718899".
- HLA-A wikiPageRevisionID "591672274".
- HLA-A function "Peptide presentation for immune recognition".
- HLA-A gene Beta-2_microglobulin.
- HLA-A gene "HLA-A".
- HLA-A hasPhotoCollection HLA-A.
- HLA-A heteropolymer "MHC class I, A".
- HLA-A imageSource "Illustration of HLA-A".
- HLA-A locus "Chromosome 15q22".
- HLA-A locus "Chromosome 6p21.3".
- HLA-A polymerType "heterodimer".
- HLA-A proteinType Cell_surface_receptor.
- HLA-A requireManualInspection "yes".
- HLA-A subunit "α".
- HLA-A subunit "β2M".
- HLA-A subunitcount "2".
- HLA-A updateCitations "no".
- HLA-A updatePage "no".
- HLA-A updateProteinBox "yes".
- HLA-A updateSummary "no".
- HLA-A subject Category:Genes_on_chromosome_6.
- HLA-A subject Category:HLA-A_alleles.
- HLA-A type Abstraction100002137.
- HLA-A type Allele105437785.
- HLA-A type Arrangement107938773.
- HLA-A type Gene105436752.
- HLA-A type GenesOnChromosome6.
- HLA-A type Group100031264.
- HLA-A type HLA-AAlleles.
- HLA-A type Ordering108456993.
- HLA-A type Sequence108459252.
- HLA-A type Series108457976.
- HLA-A type Biomolecule.
- HLA-A type Protein.
- HLA-A type BiologicalObject.
- HLA-A comment "HLA-A is a group of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that are coded for by the HLA-A locus, which is located at human chromosome 6p21.3. HLA is simply the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) specific to humans. HLA-A is one of three major types of human MHC class I cell surface receptors. The others are HLA-B and HLA-C. The receptor is a heterodimer, and is composed of a heavy α chain and smaller β chain.".
- HLA-A label "HLA-A".
- HLA-A label "HLA-A".
- HLA-A sameAs m.0269v62.
- HLA-A sameAs Q5630036.
- HLA-A sameAs Q5630036.
- HLA-A sameAs HLA-A.
- HLA-A wasDerivedFrom HLA-A?oldid=591672274.
- HLA-A depiction Illustration_HLA-A.png.
- HLA-A isPrimaryTopicOf HLA-A.