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- Henry_III_of_England abstract "Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War. Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry's forces, led by William Marshal, defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217. Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225, which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons. His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches, who reestablished royal authority after the war. In 1230 the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father, but the invasion was a debacle. A revolt led by William Marshal's son, Richard, broke out in 1232, ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church.Following the revolt, Henry ruled England personally, rather than governing through senior ministers. He travelled less than previous monarchs, investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles. He married Eleanor of Provence, with whom he had five children. Henry was known for his piety, holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor, whom he adopted as his patron saint. He extracted huge sums of money from the Jews in England, ultimately crippling their ability to do business, and as attitudes towards the Jews hardened, he introduced the Statute of Jewry, attempting to segregate the community. In a fresh attempt to reclaim his family's lands in France, he invaded Poitou in 1242, leading to the disastrous Battle of Taillebourg. After this, Henry relied on diplomacy, cultivating an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. Henry supported his brother Richard in his bid to become King of the Romans in 1256, but was unable to place his own son Edmund on the throne of Sicily, despite investing large amounts of money. He planned to go on crusade to the Levant, but was prevented from doing so by rebellions in Gascony.By 1258, Henry's rule was increasingly unpopular, the result of the failure of his expensive foreign policies and the notoriety of his Poitevin half-brothers, the Lusignans, as well as the role of his local officials in collecting taxes and debts. A coalition of his barons, initially probably backed by Eleanor, seized power in a coup d'état and expelled the Poitevins from England, reforming the royal government through a process called the Provisions of Oxford. Henry and the baronial government enacted a peace with France in 1259, under which Henry gave up his rights to his other lands in France in return for King Louis IX of France recognising him as the rightful ruler of Gascony. The baronial regime collapsed but Henry was unable to reform a stable government and instability across England continued.In 1263 one of the more radical barons, Simon de Montfort, seized power, resulting in the Second Barons' War. Henry persuaded Louis to support his cause and mobilised an army. The Battle of Lewes occurred in 1264, where Henry was defeated and taken prisoner. Henry's eldest son, Edward, escaped from captivity to defeat de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham the following year and freed his father. Henry initially enacted a harsh revenge on the remaining rebels, but was persuaded by the Church to mollify his policies through the Dictum of Kenilworth. Reconstruction was slow and Henry had to acquiesce to various measures, including further suppression of the Jews, to maintain baronial and popular support. Henry died in 1272, leaving Edward as his successor. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, which he had rebuilt in the second half of his reign, and was moved to his current tomb in 1290. Some miracles were declared after his death but he was not canonised. Henry's 56-year reign makes him the fourth longest reigning monarch in English history.".
- Henry_III_of_England activeYearsEndYear "1272".
- Henry_III_of_England activeYearsStartYear "1216".
- Henry_III_of_England birthDate "1207-10-01".
- Henry_III_of_England birthPlace Winchester_Castle.
- Henry_III_of_England birthYear "1207".
- Henry_III_of_England deathDate "1272-11-16".
- Henry_III_of_England deathPlace Westminster.
- Henry_III_of_England deathYear "1272".
- Henry_III_of_England parent Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme.
- Henry_III_of_England parent John,_King_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England predecessor John,_King_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England restingPlace Westminster_Abbey.
- Henry_III_of_England spouse Eleanor_of_Provence.
- Henry_III_of_England successor Edward_I_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England thumbnail Henry_III_funeral_head.jpg?width=300.
- Henry_III_of_England wikiPageID "46591".
- Henry_III_of_England wikiPageRevisionID "606799032".
- Henry_III_of_England birthDate "1207-10-01".
- Henry_III_of_England birthPlace "Winchester Castle, Hampshire".
- Henry_III_of_England caption "Effigy of King Henry III in Westminster Abbey, c. 1272".
- Henry_III_of_England coronation "--05-17".
- Henry_III_of_England coronation "--10-28".
- Henry_III_of_England dateOfBirth "1207-10-01".
- Henry_III_of_England dateOfDeath "1272-11-16".
- Henry_III_of_England deathDate "1272-11-16".
- Henry_III_of_England deathPlace "Westminster, London".
- Henry_III_of_England father John,_King_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England hasPhotoCollection Henry_III_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England house House_of_Plantagenet.
- Henry_III_of_England issue Beatrice_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England issue Edmund_Crouchback.
- Henry_III_of_England issue Edward_I_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England issue Katherine_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England issue Margaret_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England moretext Style_of_the_British_sovereign.
- Henry_III_of_England mother Isabella,_Countess_of_Angoulême.
- Henry_III_of_England name "Henry III of Winchester".
- Henry_III_of_England name "Henry III".
- Henry_III_of_England placeOfBirth "Winchester Castle, Hampshire".
- Henry_III_of_England placeOfBurial "Westminster Abbey, London".
- Henry_III_of_England placeOfDeath "Westminster, London".
- Henry_III_of_England predecessor John,_King_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England regent Hubert_de_Burgh,_1st_Earl_of_Kent.
- Henry_III_of_England regent William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke.
- Henry_III_of_England reign "--10-19".
- Henry_III_of_England shortDescription "King of England".
- Henry_III_of_England spouse Eleanor_of_Provence.
- Henry_III_of_England succession List_of_English_monarchs.
- Henry_III_of_England successor Edward_I_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England title Duke_of_Aquitaine.
- Henry_III_of_England title Kingdom_of_England.
- Henry_III_of_England title Lordship_of_Ireland.
- Henry_III_of_England type "monarch".
- Henry_III_of_England years "1216".
- Henry_III_of_England description "King of England".
- Henry_III_of_England description "King of England".
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:1207_births.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:1272_deaths.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:13th-century_monarchs_in_Europe.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:Burials_at_Westminster_Abbey.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:Dukes_of_Normandy.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:English_monarchs.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:English_people_of_French_descent.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:English_people_of_Scottish_descent.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:House_of_Plantagenet.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:Medieval_child_rulers.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:People_from_Winchester.
- Henry_III_of_England subject Category:People_of_the_Barons'_Wars.
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- Henry_III_of_England type Whole100003553.
- Henry_III_of_England type YagoLegalActor.
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- Henry_III_of_England type Agent.
- Henry_III_of_England type BritishRoyalty.
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- Henry_III_of_England type Royalty.