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- Henry_II_of_England abstract "Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (French: Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England (1154–89) and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany. Henry was the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. He became actively involved by the age of 14 in his mother's efforts to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois, and was made Duke of Normandy at 17. He inherited Anjou in 1151 and shortly afterwards married Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose marriage to Louis VII of France had recently been annulled. Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry's military expedition to England in 1153: Henry inherited the kingdom on Stephen's death a year later.Henry was an energetic and sometimes ruthless ruler, driven by a desire to restore the lands and privileges of his royal grandfather, Henry I. During the early years of the younger Henry's reign he restored the royal administration in England, re-established hegemony over Wales and gained full control over his lands in Anjou, Maine and Touraine. Henry's desire to reform the relationship with the Church led to conflict with his former friend Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This controversy lasted for much of the 1160s and resulted in Becket's death in 1170. Henry soon came into conflict with Louis VII and the two rulers fought what has been termed a "cold war" over several decades. Henry expanded his empire, often at Louis' expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties no lasting agreement was reached. By 1172, he controlled England, large parts of Wales, the eastern half of Ireland and the western half of France, an area that would later come to be called the Angevin Empire.Henry and Eleanor had eight children. As they grew up, tensions over the future inheritance of the empire began to emerge, encouraged by Louis and his son King Philip II. In 1173 Henry's heir apparent, "Young Henry", rebelled in protest; he was joined by his brothers Richard and Geoffrey and by their mother, Eleanor. France, Scotland, Flanders and Boulogne allied themselves with the rebels. The Great Revolt was only defeated by his vigorous military action and talented local commanders, many of them "new men" appointed for their loyalty and administrative skills. Young Henry and Geoffrey revolted again in 1183, resulting in Young Henry's death. The Norman invasion of Ireland provided lands for his youngest son John, but Henry struggled to find ways to satisfy all his sons' desires for land and immediate power. Philip successfully played on Richard's fears that Henry would make John king, and a final rebellion broke out in 1189. Decisively defeated by Philip and Richard and suffering from a bleeding ulcer, Henry retreated to Chinon in Anjou, where he died.Henry's empire quickly collapsed during the reign of his youngest son John. Many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule, however, had long-term consequences. Henry's legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for the English Common Law, while his intervention in Brittany, Wales and Scotland shaped the development of their societies and governmental systems. Historical interpretations of Henry's reign have changed considerably over time. In the 18th century, scholars argued that Henry was a driving force in the creation of a genuinely English monarchy and, ultimately, a unified Britain. During the Victorian expansion of the British Empire, historians were keenly interested in the formation of Henry's own empire, but they also expressed concern over his private life and treatment of Becket. Late-20th-century historians have combined British and French historical accounts of Henry, challenging earlier Anglo-centric interpretations of his reign.".
- Henry_II_of_England activeYearsEndYear "1189".
- Henry_II_of_England activeYearsStartYear "1154".
- Henry_II_of_England alias "Henry II of England".
- Henry_II_of_England birthDate "1133-03-05".
- Henry_II_of_England birthPlace Le_Mans.
- Henry_II_of_England birthYear "1133".
- Henry_II_of_England deathDate "1189-07-06".
- Henry_II_of_England deathPlace Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chinon.
- Henry_II_of_England deathPlace Chinon_Castle.
- Henry_II_of_England deathPlace Château_de_Chinon.
- Henry_II_of_England deathYear "1189".
- Henry_II_of_England lccnId "n/79/151166".
- Henry_II_of_England parent Empress_Matilda.
- Henry_II_of_England parent Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou.
- Henry_II_of_England predecessor Stephen,_King_of_England.
- Henry_II_of_England restingPlace Fontevraud_Abbey.
- Henry_II_of_England spouse Eleanor_of_Aquitaine.
- Henry_II_of_England successor Richard_I_of_England.
- Henry_II_of_England thumbnail Henry_II_of_England_cropped.jpg?width=300.
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- Henry_II_of_England wikiPageID "26042562".
- Henry_II_of_England wikiPageRevisionID "606753276".
- Henry_II_of_England after Richard_I_of_England.
- Henry_II_of_England alternativeNames "Henry II of England".
- Henry_II_of_England as "sole ruler".
- Henry_II_of_England before Eleanor_of_Aquitaine.
- Henry_II_of_England birthDate "1133-03-05".
- Henry_II_of_England birthPlace "Le Mans, France".
- Henry_II_of_England coronation "1154-12-19".
- Henry_II_of_England dateOfBirth "1133-03-05".
- Henry_II_of_England dateOfDeath "1189-07-06".
- Henry_II_of_England deathDate "1189-07-06".
- Henry_II_of_England deathPlace "Chinon Castle, France".
- Henry_II_of_England father Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou.
- Henry_II_of_England hasPhotoCollection Henry_II_of_England.
- Henry_II_of_England house House_of_Plantagenet.
- Henry_II_of_England imgw "211".
- Henry_II_of_England issue "* Geoffrey, Archbishop of York * William IX, Count of Poitiers * Henry the Young King * Matilda, Duchess of Saxony * Richard I, King of England * Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany * Eleanor, Queen of Castile * Joan, Queen of Sicily, Countess of Toulouse * John, King of England * William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury".
- Henry_II_of_England moretext Style_of_the_British_sovereign.
- Henry_II_of_England mother Empress_Matilda.
- Henry_II_of_England name "Henry II".
- Henry_II_of_England placeOfBirth "Le Mans".
- Henry_II_of_England placeOfBurial "Fontevraud Abbey, France".
- Henry_II_of_England placeOfDeath "Chinon".
- Henry_II_of_England predecessor Stephen,_King_of_England.
- Henry_II_of_England regType "Junior king".
- Henry_II_of_England regent Eleanor_of_Aquitaine.
- Henry_II_of_England regent Henry_the_Young_King.
- Henry_II_of_England reign "--10-25".
- Henry_II_of_England rows "2".
- Henry_II_of_England shortDescription "King of England , first of the Plantagenet or Angevin kings".
- Henry_II_of_England spouse Eleanor_of_Aquitaine.
- Henry_II_of_England succession List_of_English_monarchs.
- Henry_II_of_England successor Richard_I_of_England.
- Henry_II_of_England title Count_of_Poitiers.
- Henry_II_of_England title Duke_of_Aquitaine.
- Henry_II_of_England title Duke_of_Normandy.
- Henry_II_of_England title List_of_English_monarchs.
- Henry_II_of_England title "Count of Anjou and Maine".
- Henry_II_of_England years "1151".
- Henry_II_of_England years "1152".
- Henry_II_of_England years "1154".
- Henry_II_of_England description "King of England (1154–1189), first of the Plantagenet or Angevin kings".
- Henry_II_of_England description "King of England (1154–1189), first of the Plantagenet or Angevin kings".