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- History_of_quantum_mechanics abstract "The history of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics. Quantum mechanics' history, as it interlaces with the history of quantum chemistry, began essentially with a number of different scientific discoveries: the 1838 discovery of cathode rays by Michael Faraday; the 1859–60 winter statement of the black-body radiation problem by Gustav Kirchhoff; the 1877 suggestion by Ludwig Boltzmann that the energy states of a physical system could be discrete; the discovery of the photoelectric effect by Heinrich Hertz in 1887; and the 1900 quantum hypothesis by Max Planck that any energy-radiating atomic system can theoretically be divided into a number of discrete "energy elements" ε (epsilon) such that each of these energy elements is proportional to the frequency ν with which each of them individually radiate energy, as defined by the following formula:where h is a numerical value called Planck's constant.Then, Albert Einstein in 1905, in order to explain the photoelectric effect previously reported by Heinrich Hertz in 1887, postulated consistently with Max Planck's quantum hypothesis that light itself is made of individual quantum particles, which in 1926 came to be called photons by Gilbert N. Lewis. The photoelectric effect was observed upon shining light of particular wavelengths on certain materials, such as metals, which caused electrons to be ejected from those materials only if the light quantum energy was greater than the work function of the metal's surface.The phrase "quantum mechanics" was coined (in German, "quantenmechanik") by the group of physicists including Max Born, Werner Heisenberg, and Wolfgang Pauli, at the University of Göttingen in the early 1920s, and was first used in Born's 1924 paper "Zur Quantenmechanik". In the years to follow, this theoretical basis slowly began to be applied to chemical structure, reactivity, and bonding.".
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- History_of_quantum_mechanics wikiPageExternalLink ?id=j0Me3brYOL0C&printsec=frontcover.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics wikiPageExternalLink quantum-history.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics wikiPageExternalLink The_Quantum_age_begins.html.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics wikiPageExternalLink history.html.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics wikiPageID "9067941".
- History_of_quantum_mechanics wikiPageRevisionID "605950505".
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- History_of_quantum_mechanics subject Category:History_of_chemistry.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics subject Category:History_of_physics.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics comment "The history of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics.".
- History_of_quantum_mechanics label "Histoire de la mécanique quantique".
- History_of_quantum_mechanics label "Historia de la mecánica cuántica".
- History_of_quantum_mechanics label "History of quantum mechanics".
- History_of_quantum_mechanics label "História da mecânica quântica".
- History_of_quantum_mechanics label "История квантовой механики".
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- History_of_quantum_mechanics sameAs Histoire_de_la_mécanique_quantique.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics sameAs História_da_mecânica_quântica.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics sameAs m.0119k97d.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics sameAs Q2358974.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics sameAs Q2358974.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics wasDerivedFrom History_of_quantum_mechanics?oldid=605950505.
- History_of_quantum_mechanics depiction 10_Quantum_Mechanics_Masters.jpg.
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