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- History_of_the_Netherlands abstract "The history of the Netherlands is the history of a seafaring people thriving on a lowland river delta on the North Sea in northwestern Europe. Records begin with the four centuries during which the region formed a militarized border zone of the Roman empire. This came under increasing pressure from Germanic peoples moving westwards. As Roman power collapsed and the Middle Ages began, three dominant Germanic peoples coalesced in the area, Frisians in the north, Low Saxons in the northeast, and the Franks.During the Middle Ages, the descendants of the Salian Franks, the Carolingian dynasty, came to dominate the area and then extended their rule to a large part of Western Europe. The region of the Netherlands therefore became part of Lower Lotharingia within the Frankish Holy Roman Empire. For several centuries, lordships such as Brabant, Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, Guelders and others held a changing patchwork of territories. There was no unified equivalent of the modern Netherlands.By 1433, the Duke of Burgundy had assumed control over most of the lowlands territories in Lower Lotharingia; he created the Burgundian Netherlands which included modern Belgium, Luxembourg, and a part of France. Under the heir Emperor Charles V this union was declared independent of Germany and France, and then became part of Charles' new Spanish empire. The Catholic kings of Spain took strong measures against the new Protestantism and other dissent, which polarized those peoples of present-day Belgium and Holland. The subsequent Dutch revolt led to splitting the Burgundian Netherlands into a southern "Spanish Netherlands", roughly equivalent to Belgium and Luxembourg, and a northern "United Provinces", from which the modern Netherlands developed.In the Dutch Golden Age, which had its zenith around 1667, there was a flowering of trade, industry, the arts and the sciences. A worldwide Dutch empire developed and the Dutch East India Company became one of the earliest and most important of national mercantile companies.During the 18th century the power and wealth of the Netherlands declined. A series of wars with the British and the French weakened it while Britain, with its own East India Company, became stronger. There was growing unrest and conflict between the Orangists and the Patriots. Later, a pro-French Batavian Republic was established in 1795–1806, which became a French satellite state, the Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810), and later simply a French imperial province.After the collapse of the French Empire in 1813, an expanded "United Kingdom of the Netherlands" was created with the House of Orange as monarchs, also ruling Belgium and Luxembourg. Belgium revolted in 1830 and by 1839 new borders had been agreed, dividing the Netherlands into the three countries in the region today. After an initially conservative period, in the 1848 constitution the country became a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. Modern Luxembourg initially remained united with the Netherlands, but today is ruled by a separate branch of the Dutch royal family.The Netherlands was neutral during the First World War, but during the Second World War, the Netherlands was invaded and occupied by Germany. As in many parts of Europe, the post-war peace years were initially a time of hardship and mass migration, followed by rebuilding with large-scale public works programmes such as the Delta Works. In 1943, the Netherlands also had to surrender to Japan due to the Japanese military campaign in Asia, resulting in the Netherlands losing control of Indonesia and Indonesia becoming a colony of Japan. After the Japanese surrendered to the Allies in 1945, Indonesia proclaimed its independence. Suriname declared its independence from the Netherlands in 1975. Economic recovery, European integration and the gradual introduction of a welfare state also occurred in this period. The second half of the 20th century was marked by relative peace and prosperity. The Netherlands formed a new economic alliance with Belgium and Luxembourg, the Benelux, and all three became founding members of the European Union.".
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- History_of_the_Netherlands subject Category:Articles_which_contain_graphical_timelines.
- History_of_the_Netherlands subject Category:Economic_history_of_the_Netherlands.
- History_of_the_Netherlands subject Category:History_of_the_Germanic_peoples.
- History_of_the_Netherlands subject Category:History_of_the_Netherlands.
- History_of_the_Netherlands comment "The history of the Netherlands is the history of a seafaring people thriving on a lowland river delta on the North Sea in northwestern Europe. Records begin with the four centuries during which the region formed a militarized border zone of the Roman empire. This came under increasing pressure from Germanic peoples moving westwards.".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "Geschichte der Niederlande".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "Geschiedenis van Nederland".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "Histoire des Pays-Bas".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "Historia Holandii".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "Historia de los Países Bajos".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "History of the Netherlands".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "História dos Países Baixos".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "Storia dei Paesi Bassi".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "История Нидерландов".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "تاريخ هولندا".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "オランダの歴史".
- History_of_the_Netherlands label "荷蘭歷史".
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs Dějiny_Nizozemska.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs Geschichte_der_Niederlande.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs Historia_de_los_Países_Bajos.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs Herbehereetako_historia.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs Histoire_des_Pays-Bas.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs Storia_dei_Paesi_Bassi.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs オランダの歴史.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs Geschiedenis_van_Nederland.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs Historia_Holandii.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs História_dos_Países_Baixos.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs m.03gmd.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs Q238533.
- History_of_the_Netherlands sameAs Q238533.
- History_of_the_Netherlands wasDerivedFrom History_of_the_Netherlands?oldid=604157050.
- History_of_the_Netherlands depiction Leo_belgicus.png.
- History_of_the_Netherlands isPrimaryTopicOf History_of_the_Netherlands.