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- Jackson–Vanik_amendment abstract "The Jackson–Vanik amendment is a 1974 provision in United States federal law, intended to affect U.S. trade relations with countries with non-market economies (originally, countries of the Communist bloc) that restrict freedom of emigration and other human rights. It is believed that it was a response to the Soviet Union's "diploma taxes" levied on Jews attempting to emigrate, although the amendment does not specifically mention Jews and the tax applied to all Soviet citizens, not only Jews.The amendment, named after its major co-sponsors Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson of Washington in the Senate and Charles Vanik of Ohio in the House of Representatives, both Democrats, is contained in Title IV of the 1974 Trade Act. The amendment passed both houses of the United States Congress unanimously. President Gerald Ford signed the bill into law with the adopted amendment on January 3, 1975. It remained valid until 2012, though it was regularly granted a waiver vis-a-vis the Russian Federation. In 2011, U.S. Vice President Joe Biden urged a repeal of the law. On 16 November 2012 the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill which would repeal the Jackson–Vanik amendment. The law repealing the Jackson–Vanik amendment was signed together with Magnitsky bill by President Obama on December 14, 2012.".
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment thumbnail Soviet_Exit_Visa_Forever.jpg?width=300.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment wikiPageID "538966".
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment wikiPageRevisionID "557549345".
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment subject Category:1974_in_international_relations.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment subject Category:1974_in_law.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment subject Category:Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment subject Category:History_of_Israel.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment subject Category:Israel–Soviet_Union_relations.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment subject Category:Jewish_Russian_and_Soviet_history.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment subject Category:Russia–United_States_relations.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment subject Category:Soviet_Union–United_States_relations.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment subject Category:United_States_federal_trade_legislation.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment subject Category:United_States_foreign_relations_legislation.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment comment "The Jackson–Vanik amendment is a 1974 provision in United States federal law, intended to affect U.S. trade relations with countries with non-market economies (originally, countries of the Communist bloc) that restrict freedom of emigration and other human rights.".
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment label "Jackson–Vanik amendment".
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment label "Поправка Джексона — Вэника".
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment label "ジャクソン=バニク修正条項".
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment sameAs Jackson%E2%80%93Vanik_amendment.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment sameAs ジャクソン=バニク修正条項.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment sameAs Q2627542.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment sameAs Q2627542.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment wasDerivedFrom Jackson–Vanik_amendment?oldid=557549345.
- Jackson–Vanik_amendment depiction Soviet_Exit_Visa_Forever.jpg.