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- James_II_of_England abstract "James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland.The second son of Charles I, he ascended the throne upon the death of his brother, Charles II. Members of Britain's political and religious elite increasingly suspected him of being pro-French and pro-Catholic and of having designs on becoming an absolute monarch. When he produced a Catholic heir, the tension exploded, and leading nobles called on his Protestant son-in-law and nephew, William III of Orange, to land an invasion army from the Netherlands, which he did. James fled England (and thus was held to have abdicated) in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was replaced by his Protestant elder daughter, Mary II, and her husband, William III. James made one serious attempt to recover his crowns from William and Mary, when he landed in Ireland in 1689 but, after the defeat of the Jacobite forces by the Williamite forces at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France. He lived out the rest of his life as a pretender at a court sponsored by his cousin and ally, King Louis XIV.James is best known for struggles with the English Parliament and his attempts to create religious liberty for English Roman Catholics and Protestant nonconformists against the wishes of the Anglican establishment. However, he also continued the persecution of the Presbyterian Covenanters in Scotland. Parliament, opposed to the growth of absolutism that was occurring in other European countries, as well as to the loss of legal supremacy for the Church of England, saw their opposition as a way to preserve what they regarded as traditional English liberties. This tension made James's four-year reign a struggle for supremacy between the English Parliament and the Crown, resulting in his deposition, the passage of the Bill of Rights, and the Hanoverian succession.".
- James_II_of_England activeYearsEndYear "1688".
- James_II_of_England activeYearsStartYear "1685".
- James_II_of_England alias "Stuart, James".
- James_II_of_England birthDate "1633-10-14".
- James_II_of_England birthPlace St_James's_Palace.
- James_II_of_England birthYear "1633".
- James_II_of_England deathDate "1701-09-05".
- James_II_of_England deathDate "1701-09-16".
- James_II_of_England deathPlace Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
- James_II_of_England deathPlace Kingdom_of_France.
- James_II_of_England deathPlace Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
- James_II_of_England deathYear "1701".
- James_II_of_England lccnId "n/50/028709".
- James_II_of_England parent Charles_I_of_England.
- James_II_of_England parent Henrietta_Maria_of_France.
- James_II_of_England predecessor Charles_II_of_England.
- James_II_of_England spouse Anne_Hyde.
- James_II_of_England spouse Mary_of_Modena.
- James_II_of_England successor Mary_II_of_England.
- James_II_of_England successor William_III_of_England.
- James_II_of_England thumbnail King_James_II_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller,_Bt.jpg?width=300.
- James_II_of_England wikiPageExternalLink books?id=1oIYAAAAYAAJ.
- James_II_of_England wikiPageExternalLink james2.htm.
- James_II_of_England wikiPageExternalLink person.php?LinkID=mp02391.
- James_II_of_England wikiPageExternalLink 5022714365.
- James_II_of_England wikiPageID "5243711".
- James_II_of_England wikiPageRevisionID "606363811".
- James_II_of_England alternativeNames "Stuart, James".
- James_II_of_England birthDate "1633-10-14".
- James_II_of_England birthPlace "St. James's Palace, London".
- James_II_of_England caption "Portrait by Godfrey Kneller".
- James_II_of_England coronation "1685-04-23".
- James_II_of_England dateOfBirth "1633-10-14".
- James_II_of_England dateOfDeath "1701-09-05".
- James_II_of_England deathDate "1701-09-16".
- James_II_of_England deathPlace Château_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
- James_II_of_England deathPlace Kingdom_of_France.
- James_II_of_England father Charles_I_of_England.
- James_II_of_England hasPhotoCollection James_II_of_England.
- James_II_of_England house House_of_Stuart.
- James_II_of_England issue Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain.
- James_II_of_England issue James_Francis_Edward_Stuart.
- James_II_of_England issue Louisa_Maria_Teresa_Stuart.
- James_II_of_England issue Mary_II_of_England.
- James_II_of_England issue "Henrietta FitzJames".
- James_II_of_England issue "Henry FitzJames".
- James_II_of_England issue "James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick".
- James_II_of_England issueLink "#Issue".
- James_II_of_England issuePipe "more...".
- James_II_of_England mother Henrietta_Maria_of_France.
- James_II_of_England name "James II & VII".
- James_II_of_England name "James II".
- James_II_of_England placeOfBirth "London".
- James_II_of_England placeOfBurial "Church of the English Benedictines, Paris".
- James_II_of_England placeOfDeath "Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France".
- James_II_of_England predecessor Charles_II_of_England.
- James_II_of_England reign "--02-06".
- James_II_of_England reign "1688-12-11".
- James_II_of_England religion Catholicism.
- James_II_of_England shortDescription "King of England, Scotland and Ireland".
- James_II_of_England signature "JamesIISig.svg".
- James_II_of_England spouse Anne_Hyde.
- James_II_of_England spouse Mary_of_Modena.
- James_II_of_England sucType "Successors".
- James_II_of_England succession "King of England, Scotland and Ireland".
- James_II_of_England successor "William III & II and Mary II".
- James_II_of_England title Admiralty.
- James_II_of_England title Jacobite_succession.
- James_II_of_England title Lord_High_Admiral_of_Scotland.
- James_II_of_England title Lord_High_Commissioner_to_the_Parliament_of_Scotland.
- James_II_of_England title Lord_Warden_of_the_Cinque_Ports.
- James_II_of_England title "King of England, Scotland and Ireland".
- James_II_of_England years "1660".
- James_II_of_England years "1673".
- James_II_of_England years "1680".
- James_II_of_England years "1685".
- James_II_of_England years "1688".
- James_II_of_England description "King of England, Scotland and Ireland".
- James_II_of_England description "King of England, Scotland and Ireland".
- James_II_of_England subject Category:1633_births.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:1701_deaths.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:17th-century_monarchs_in_Europe.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:British_monarchs_buried_abroad.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Converts_to_Roman_Catholicism_from_Anglicanism.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Deaths_from_cerebral_hemorrhage.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Dukes_in_the_Peerage_of_England.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Dukes_in_the_Peerage_of_Scotland.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Dukes_of_Albany.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Dukes_of_York.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Earls_in_the_Peerage_of_Ireland.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Earls_of_Ulster.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:English_Roman_Catholics.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:English_monarchs.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:English_people_of_French_descent.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:English_people_of_Scottish_descent.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:English_pretenders_to_the_French_throne.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Glorious_Revolution.
- James_II_of_England subject Category:Governors_of_the_Hudson's_Bay_Company.