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- Joint_State_Political_Directorate abstract "The Joint State Political Directorate (also translated as the All-Union State Political Administration) was the secret police of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1934. Its official name was "Joint State Political Directorate under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR" (Russian: Объединённое государственное политическое управление при СНК СССР), Obyedinyonnoye gosudarstvennoye politicheskoye upravleniye under the SNK of the USSR, or ОГПУ (OGPU). With the creation of the USSR in December 1922, a unified organization was required to exercise control over state security throughout the new union. Thus, on November 15, 1923, the Russian State Political Directorate left the Russian NKVD and became the all-union Joint State Political Directorate. Felix Dzerzhinsky, chairman of the GPU, became the OGPU's first chief.Like the GPU before it, the OGPU was theoretically supposed to operate with more restraint than the original Bolshevik secret police, the Cheka. The OGPU's powers were greatly increased in 1926, when the Soviet criminal code was amended to include a section on anti-state terrorism. The provisions were vaguely written and very broadly interpreted. Even before then, it set up tribunals to try the most exceptional cases of terrorism, usually without calling any witnesses. In time, the OGPU's de facto powers grew even greater than those of the Cheka.Perhaps the most spectacular success of the GPU/OGPU was the Trust Operation of 1924–1925. OGPU agents contacted émigrés in western Europe and pretended to be representatives of a large group working to overthrow of the communist regime, known as the "Trust". Exiled Russians gave the Trust large sums of money and supplies, as did foreign intelligence agencies. The Trust finally succeeded in luring one of the leading anti-Communist operators, Sidney Reilly, into Russia to meet with the Trust. Once he was in Russia, he was captured and killed. The Trust was dissolved, and it became a large propaganda success.From 1927 to 1929, the OGPU engaged in intensive investigations of an opposition coup. Stalin soon made a public decree that any and all opposition views should be considered dangerous and gave the GPU the authority to seek out hostile elements. This led to the Shakhty Trial in March 1928, that prosecuted a group of industrial saboteurs involved in a hostile bourgeois conspiracy. This would be the first of many trials during Stalin's Five Year Plan. The OGPU was responsible for the creation of the Gulag system. It also became the Soviet government's arm for the persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Greek Catholics, the Latin Catholics, Islam and other religious organizations, an operation headed by Yevgeny Tuchkov. The OGPU was also the principal secret police agency responsible for the detection, arrest, and liquidation of anarchists and other dissident left-wing factions in the early Soviet Union.GPU brigades led Soviet forces in the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang.The OGPU was reincorporated into the newly created all-union People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) in July 1934, becoming its Main Directorate of State Security (GUGB). Its final transformation was into the more widely known Committee for State Security (KGB).".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate extinctionYear "1934".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate formationDate "1923-11-15".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate formationYear "1923".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate headquarter Lubyanka_Building.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate leader Felix_Dzerzhinsky.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate location Lubyanka_Building.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate parentOrganisation Council_of_People's_Commissars.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate successor Main_Directorate_of_State_Security.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate thumbnail Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_1923–1936.svg?width=300.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate type Secret_police.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate wikiPageExternalLink index.php?docid=367.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate wikiPageID "37192761".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate wikiPageRevisionID "591894403".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate agencyName "Joint State Political Directorate".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate agencyType Secret_police.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate chief1Name Felix_Dzerzhinsky.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate chief2Name Vyacheslav_Menzhinsky.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate dissolved "1934".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate formed "1923-11-15".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate hasPhotoCollection Joint_State_Political_Directorate.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate headquarters "Lubyanka Square, Moscow".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate parentAgency Council_of_People's_Commissars.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate parentAgency "45".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate preceding State_Political_Directorate.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate superseding Main_Directorate_of_State_Security.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate subject Category:Law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_Soviet_Union.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate subject Category:Political_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate subject Category:Secret_police.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate subject Category:State_Political_Directorate.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate type Agent.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate type GovernmentAgency.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate type Organisation.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate type GovernmentOrganization.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate type Organization.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate type Agent.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate type SocialPerson.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate type Thing.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate comment "The Joint State Political Directorate (also translated as the All-Union State Political Administration) was the secret police of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1934. Its official name was "Joint State Political Directorate under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR" (Russian: Объединённое государственное политическое управление при СНК СССР), Obyedinyonnoye gosudarstvennoye politicheskoye upravleniye under the SNK of the USSR, or ОГПУ (OGPU).".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate label "Joint State Political Directorate".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate label "Państwowy Zarząd Polityczny przy NKWD RFSRR".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate label "ОГПУ при СНК СССР".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate label "国家政治保卫总局".
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate sameAs Państwowy_Zarząd_Polityczny_przy_NKWD_RFSRR.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate sameAs m.0n51s68.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate sameAs Q2612925.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate sameAs Q2612925.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate wasDerivedFrom Joint_State_Political_Directorate?oldid=591894403.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate depiction Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_1923–1936.svg.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate isPrimaryTopicOf Joint_State_Political_Directorate.
- Joint_State_Political_Directorate name "Joint State Political Directorate".