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- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire abstract "The language of the court and government of the Ottoman Empire was Ottoman Turkish, but many other languages were in contemporary use in parts of the empire. Although the minorities of the Ottoman Empire were free to use their language amongst themselves, if they needed to communicate with the government they had to use Ottoman Turkish.The Ottomans had three influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania, Bosnia, and various Aegean Sea islands; Persian, only spoken by the educated; and Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait and the Levant. Throughout the vast Ottoman bureaucracy Ottoman Turkish language was the official language, a version of Turkish, albeit with a vast mixture of both Arabic and Persian grammar and vocabulary.Because of a low literacy rate among the public (about 2–3% until the early 19th century and just about 15% at the end of 19th century), ordinary people had to hire special "request-writers" (arzuhâlcis) to be able to communicate with the government. The ethnic groups continued to speak within their families and neighborhoods (mahalles) with their own languages (e.g., Jews, Greeks, Armenians, etc.) In villages where two or more populations lived together, the inhabitants would often speak each other's language. In cosmopolitan cities, people often spoke their family languages, many non-ethnic Turks spoke Turkish as a second language. Educated Ottoman Turks spoke Arabic and Persian.In the last two centuries, French and English emerged as popular languages, especially among the Christian Levantine communities. The elite learned French at school, and used European products as a fashion statement. The use of Turkish grew steadily under the Ottomans, but, since they were still interested in their two other official[citation needed] languages, they kept these in use as well. Usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.Linguistic groups were varied and overlapping. In the Balkan Peninsula, Slavic, Greek and Albanian speakers were the majority, but there were substantial minorities of Turks and Romance-speaking Vlachs. In most of Anatolia, Turkish was the majority language, but Greek, Armenian and, in the east and southeast, Kurdish were also spoken. In Syria, Iraq, Arabia, Egypt and north Africa, most of the population spoke varieties of Arabic with, above them, a Turkish-speaking elite. However, in no province of the Empire was there a unique language.".
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire thumbnail Poem_about_Rumi_in_Ottoman_Turkish.jpg?width=300.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire wikiPageID "36471624".
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire wikiPageRevisionID "595929301".
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire caption "A poem about Rumi in Ottoman Turkish.".
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire country "Ottoman Empire".
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire hasPhotoCollection Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire imageSize "200".
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Albanian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Arabic_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Armenian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Azerbaijani_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Berber_languages.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Bosnian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Bulgarian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Chaldean_Neo-Aramaic.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Coptic_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Crimean_Tatar_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Croatian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Domari_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Eastern_Romance_languages.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Gagauz_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Georgian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority German_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Greek_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Hebrew_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Hungarian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Judaeo-Spanish.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Kurdish_languages.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Languages_of_Italy.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Languages_of_the_Caucasus.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Latin.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Laz_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Persian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Romanian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Russian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Rusyn_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Serbian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Somali_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Ukrainian_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Urum_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire minority Zazaki_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire official Ottoman_Turkish_language.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire subject Category:Ottoman_Empire.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire comment "The language of the court and government of the Ottoman Empire was Ottoman Turkish, but many other languages were in contemporary use in parts of the empire.".
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire label "Languages of the Ottoman Empire".
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire sameAs m.0k8vmmj.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire sameAs Q6486932.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire sameAs Q6486932.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire wasDerivedFrom Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire?oldid=595929301.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire depiction Poem_about_Rumi_in_Ottoman_Turkish.jpg.
- Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire isPrimaryTopicOf Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.