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• Leo_Mechelin abstract "Leopold (Leo) Henrik Stanislaus Mechelin (born November 24, 1839, Hamina, Grand Duchy of Finland – January 26, 1914, Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland) was a Finnish professor, statesman, senator and liberal reformer. A leading defender of the autonomy of the Grand Duchy of Finland, and of the rights of women and minorities, Mechelin's 1905–1908 government("Mechelin's Senate") made Finland the first nation in the world with the universal right to vote and to be elected. His period in office also saw the introduction of the freedom of expression, the press, and of assembly.He also founded the Liberal Party of Finland (1880–1885), wrote its program, founded the Nokia Company (1871) with Fredrik Idestam, was the first chairman of the town council of Helsinki (1875–1876 and 1892–1899) and an internationally respected expert on politology and member of peace movement.Mechelin led the passive resistance in Finland during the first period of oppression (1899–1905) until and even after his banishment (1903), from which officials had to let him return as a member of parliament (1904), welcomed by a celebrating crowd of ten thousand people. In a secret meeting of the Kagaali, Mechelin had written a petition against the draft of Finns to the Russian army, which collected almost 500,000 signatures. His coalition, the Constitutionals, finally managed to end the draft through boycott.Born in Hamina in 1839, the son of Gustaf Johan Mechelin and Amanda Gustava Costiander, Leo Mechelin studied at the University of Helsinki, gaining his Bachelor's and Master's degree's in Philosophy in 1860, a Bachelor's degree in law in 1864, and a License and Doctorate in 1873. As Professor of jurisdiction and politology, Mechelin had argued that the tsars were bound by the old constitutional laws from the time of the Swedish rule of Finland (before 1809), and hence affirmed that Finland was a separate, constitutional state, which the tsar could only rule by law, whereas in Russia he had absolute power. During the periods of oppression, the tsar tried to impose unconstitutional laws, which Mechelin opposed. The unrests in Russia and Finland (1905) finally compelled the tsar to comply with the November Manifesto written by Mechelin. This allowed Mechelin to form a government (1905–1908) and to transform Finland into what was in many respects the first liberal democracy (e.g., in New Zealand women already had the right to vote but not to be voted; in Australia only white people had those rights) in 1906. In 1907, the first universal elections to the one-chamber parliament ("eduskunta") were held, and 19 of its 200 first members were women. However, the constitutionals of all parties did not obtain the majority of seats, and the tsar realized that he could carry on with the oppression, starting the second period of oppression (1908–1917). After Mechelin's death (in 1914), the two revolutions in Russia allowed Finland to declare its independence (1917) and Mechelin's younger co-workers were able to complete his work.Nokia, nowadays a world-leading mobile phone corporation, was originally founded by Mechelin and his student days' roommate Fredrik Idestam as a forestry company. Later Mechelin's wish to expand into the electricity business were at first thwarted by Idestam's opposition, but Mechelin managed to convince most shareholders of his plans and became the company chairman (1898–1914), thus being able to realize his visions.Mechelin was also active in civil society and President of the current University of Art and Design Helsinki and of the Finnish Art Society. As a politician he was always highly respected among all parties and citizens, although after the dissolution of the Liberal Party (1885) he never joined any other party.".
• Leo_Mechelin birthDate "1839-11-24".
• Leo_Mechelin birthYear "1839".
• Leo_Mechelin deathDate "1914-01-26".
• Leo_Mechelin deathYear "1914".
• Leo_Mechelin thumbnail Leo_Mechelin_(cropped).png?width=300.
• Leo_Mechelin viafId "25383276".
• Leo_Mechelin wikiPageID "4077197".
• Leo_Mechelin wikiPageRevisionID "604900574".
• Leo_Mechelin dateOfBirth "1839-11-24".
• Leo_Mechelin dateOfDeath "1914-01-26".
• Leo_Mechelin hasPhotoCollection Leo_Mechelin.
• Leo_Mechelin name "Mechelin, Leo".
• Leo_Mechelin shortDescription "Finnish politician and academic".
• Leo_Mechelin description "Finnish politician and academic".
• Leo_Mechelin description "Finnish politician and academic".
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:1839_births.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:1914_deaths.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:Finnish_nobility.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:Finnish_senators.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:Grand_Duchy_of_Finland.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:Members_of_the_Diet_of_Finland.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:Members_of_the_Parliament_of_Finland.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:Nokia_people.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:People_from_Hamina.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:Politology.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:Swedish-speaking_Finns.
• Leo_Mechelin subject Category:Swedish_People's_Party_(Finland)_politicians.
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• Leo_Mechelin comment "Leopold (Leo) Henrik Stanislaus Mechelin (born November 24, 1839, Hamina, Grand Duchy of Finland – January 26, 1914, Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland) was a Finnish professor, statesman, senator and liberal reformer. A leading defender of the autonomy of the Grand Duchy of Finland, and of the rights of women and minorities, Mechelin's 1905–1908 government("Mechelin's Senate") made Finland the first nation in the world with the universal right to vote and to be elected.".
• Leo_Mechelin label "Leo Mechelin".
• Leo_Mechelin label "Leo Mechelin".
• Leo_Mechelin label "Мехелин, Леопольд Генрих Станислав".
• Leo_Mechelin label "ليو ميكيلين".
• Leo_Mechelin sameAs Leo_Mechelin.
• Leo_Mechelin sameAs m.0bgxbx.
• Leo_Mechelin sameAs Q2668824.
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• Leo_Mechelin sameAs Leo_Mechelin.
• Leo_Mechelin wasDerivedFrom Leo_Mechelin?oldid=604900574.
• Leo_Mechelin depiction Leo_Mechelin_(cropped).png.
• Leo_Mechelin givenName "Leo".
• Leo_Mechelin isPrimaryTopicOf Leo_Mechelin.
• Leo_Mechelin name "Leo Mechelin".
• Leo_Mechelin name "Mechelin, Leo".
• Leo_Mechelin surname "Mechelin".