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- Lipoteichoic_acid abstract "Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major constituent of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. These organisms have an inner (or cytoplasmic) membrane and, external to it, a thick (up to 80 nanometer) peptidoglycan layer. The structure of LTA varies between the different species of Gram positive bacteria and may contain long chains of ribitol or glycerol phosphate. LTA is anchored to the cell membrane via a diacylglycerol. It acts as regulator of autolytic wall enzymes (muramidases). It has antigenic properties being able to stimulate specific immune response and is released from the bacterial cells mainly after bacteriolysis induced by lysozyme, cationic peptides from leucocytes, or beta-lactam antibiotics.LTA may bind to target cells non-specifically through membrane phospholipids, or specifically to CD14 and to Toll-like receptors. Binding to TLR-2 has shown to induce NF-κB expression(a central transcription factor), elevating expression of both pro- and anti-apoptotic genes. Its activation also induces mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation along with Phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation.LTA bound to targets can interact with circulating antibodies and activate the complement cascade to induce a passive immune kill phenomenon. It also triggers the release from neutrophils and macrophages of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, acid hydrolases, highly cationic proteinases, bactericidal cationic peptides, growth factors, and cytotoxic cytokines, which may act in synergy to amplify cell damage. Therefore, LTA shares many pathogenic similarities with endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide).".
- Lipoteichoic_acid thumbnail Lipoteichoic_acid.png?width=300.
- Lipoteichoic_acid wikiPageID "3532723".
- Lipoteichoic_acid wikiPageRevisionID "541798770".
- Lipoteichoic_acid hasPhotoCollection Lipoteichoic_acid.
- Lipoteichoic_acid subject Category:Cell_biology.
- Lipoteichoic_acid subject Category:Organic_acids.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type Abstraction100002137.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type Acid114607521.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type Chemical114806838.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type Compound114818238.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type Material114580897.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type Matter100020827.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type OrganicAcids.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type Part113809207.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type Relation100031921.
- Lipoteichoic_acid type Substance100019613.
- Lipoteichoic_acid comment "Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major constituent of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. These organisms have an inner (or cytoplasmic) membrane and, external to it, a thick (up to 80 nanometer) peptidoglycan layer. The structure of LTA varies between the different species of Gram positive bacteria and may contain long chains of ribitol or glycerol phosphate. LTA is anchored to the cell membrane via a diacylglycerol. It acts as regulator of autolytic wall enzymes (muramidases).".
- Lipoteichoic_acid label "Acide lipotéichoïque".
- Lipoteichoic_acid label "Kwas lipotejchojowy".
- Lipoteichoic_acid label "Lipoteichoic acid".
- Lipoteichoic_acid label "Липотейхоевые кислоты".
- Lipoteichoic_acid sameAs Acide_lipotéichoïque.
- Lipoteichoic_acid sameAs Kwas_lipotejchojowy.
- Lipoteichoic_acid sameAs m.09jxc4.
- Lipoteichoic_acid sameAs Q781350.
- Lipoteichoic_acid sameAs Q781350.
- Lipoteichoic_acid sameAs Lipoteichoic_acid.
- Lipoteichoic_acid wasDerivedFrom Lipoteichoic_acid?oldid=541798770.
- Lipoteichoic_acid depiction Lipoteichoic_acid.png.
- Lipoteichoic_acid isPrimaryTopicOf Lipoteichoic_acid.