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- List_of_Testudines_families abstract "There are fourteen extant families of the order Testudines, an order of reptile commonly known as turtles, tortoises and terrapins. The testudines are some of the most ancient reptiles alive, with only the tuataras considered more primitive. There are approximately 300 extant species and 97 genera of testudines, split into two suborders: the Cryptodirans and the Pleurodirans. The distinction between these two suborders is based on the mode in which they cover their head and neck. The Pleurodirans, also called the side-necked turtles, have long necks, and fold them sideways to align them with the shell. The Pelomedusidae and Chelidae are the only extant families of pleurodires. The Cryptodirans pull their neck straight back to conceal their head within the shell. The Carettochelyidae, Cheloniidae, Chelydridae, Dermatemydidae, Dermochelyidae, Emydidae, Kinosternidae, Testudinidae and Trionychidae are all cryptodires, although the ability to retract the head has been lost in the sea turtles (Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae). A third order, the Paracryptodirans, are extinct.Reptiles are classified according to the pattern of fenestration in the temporal region of the skull. Testudines are placed in the subclass Anapsida because they lack fenestration. There are suggestions that this lack of fenestration is a secondary characteristic and that turtles belong in Diapsida.Both sides cite strong evidence, and the conflict has yet to be resolved. The shell of testudines distinguishes them from other vertebrates. The shell is not an exoskeleton, but a modified ribcage and part of the vertebral column. Because of the shell, the pectoral and pelvic girdles are located within the ribcage. The limb bones are also modified to accommodate to the shell.The earliest known turtles are from fossils in the Upper Triassic. These fossils are nearly indistinguishable from modern turtles anatomically. In these early fossils (mostly of the genus Proganochelys), the teeth have already been lost, and a keratin beak is suggested by the mandibles. Important differences between Proganochelys and modern turtles are the presence of the palatal teeth (lost in modern species), the inability to retract the head within the shell, and the lack of a trochlear pulley in the jaw closing anatomy.".
- List_of_Testudines_families class Reptile.
- List_of_Testudines_families kingdom Animal.
- List_of_Testudines_families order Turtle.
- List_of_Testudines_families phylum Chordate.
- List_of_Testudines_families thumbnail Carettochelys_insculpta.jpg?width=300.
- List_of_Testudines_families wikiPageID "5516287".
- List_of_Testudines_families wikiPageRevisionID "604728801".
- List_of_Testudines_families classis Reptile.
- List_of_Testudines_families fossilRange "Triassic–Recent".
- List_of_Testudines_families hasPhotoCollection List_of_Testudines_families.
- List_of_Testudines_families name "Turtles".
- List_of_Testudines_families ordo Turtle.
- List_of_Testudines_families ordoAuthority "Linnaeus, 1758".
- List_of_Testudines_families phylum Chordate.
- List_of_Testudines_families regnum "Animalia".
- List_of_Testudines_families subject Category:Lists_of_reptiles.
- List_of_Testudines_families subject Category:Taxonomic_lists_(families).
- List_of_Testudines_families subject Category:Turtles.
- List_of_Testudines_families type Animal.
- List_of_Testudines_families type Eukaryote.
- List_of_Testudines_families type Reptile.
- List_of_Testudines_families type Species.
- List_of_Testudines_families type Reptile.
- List_of_Testudines_families type Organism.
- List_of_Testudines_families comment "There are fourteen extant families of the order Testudines, an order of reptile commonly known as turtles, tortoises and terrapins. The testudines are some of the most ancient reptiles alive, with only the tuataras considered more primitive. There are approximately 300 extant species and 97 genera of testudines, split into two suborders: the Cryptodirans and the Pleurodirans. The distinction between these two suborders is based on the mode in which they cover their head and neck.".
- List_of_Testudines_families label "Lijst van schildpaddensoorten".
- List_of_Testudines_families label "List of Testudines families".
- List_of_Testudines_families label "Systematik der Schildkröten".
- List_of_Testudines_families label "Systematyka żółwi".
- List_of_Testudines_families label "Testudines (classification phylogénétique)".
- List_of_Testudines_families label "Список видов черепах".
- List_of_Testudines_families sameAs Systematik_der_Schildkröten.
- List_of_Testudines_families sameAs Testudines_(classification_phylogénétique).
- List_of_Testudines_families sameAs Lijst_van_schildpaddensoorten.
- List_of_Testudines_families sameAs Systematyka_żółwi.
- List_of_Testudines_families sameAs Q194582.
- List_of_Testudines_families sameAs Q194582.
- List_of_Testudines_families wasDerivedFrom List_of_Testudines_families?oldid=604728801.
- List_of_Testudines_families depiction Carettochelys_insculpta.jpg.
- List_of_Testudines_families isPrimaryTopicOf List_of_Testudines_families.
- List_of_Testudines_families name "Turtles".