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- List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Artois abstract "Following the various declarations of war which were to lead to the First World War, the German Army opened the war on her western front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium and then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France. The German Army forced the Allied armies to retreat until the Battle of the Marne was fought, when the tide turned and the German Army was forced to retreat northwards. They did so to the river Aisne, dug in on the high ground there, and fought the First Battle of the Aisne. This encounter was inconclusive and what historians call the race to the sea followed, during which neither side was able to achieve a breakthrough as they edged to the north and at the conclusion both sides were to dig in along a meandering line of fortified trenches, stretching from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier with France. This line, the Western Front, remained essentially unchanged for most of the war. A war of movement was over and a type of warfare that no side had planned for was to take its place: a static war of attrition with both sides entrenched on either side of the front line.Between 1915 and 1917, there were several major offensives along this front. The attacks employed massive artillery bombardments and massed infantry advances. However a combination of entrenchments, machine gun nests, barbed wire, and artillery repeatedly inflicted severe casualties on the attackers and counterattacking defenders and as a result, no significant advances were made. Among the most costly of these offensives were the Battle of Verdun with a combined 700,000 dead, the Battle of the Somme with more than a million casualties, and the Battle of Passchendaele or "Third Ypres", which saw roughly 600,000 casualties.Both sides tried to break the deadlock by introducing new military technology, including poison gas, aircraft and tanks but it was improved tactics that eventually restored some degree of mobility to the conflict. The German Spring Offensive of 1918 was made possible by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk that marked the end of the conflict on the Eastern Front. Using the recently introduced infiltration tactics, the German armies advanced nearly 60 miles (97 kilometres) to the west, which marked the deepest advance by either side since 1914 and they very nearly succeeded in forcing a breakthrough.The Germans could not in the end break the Allied line and now the numerical advantage given the Allies by the volume of soldiers arriving from the United States of America fuelled an inexorable advance by the Allied armies during the second half of 1918. The German Army commanders finally realised that defeat was inevitable, and the government was forced to sue for conditions of an armistice. This took place on 11 November 1918 and the terms of peace were agreed upon with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.This article continues where the List of World War I memorials and cemeteries in Flanders left off and here looks at that part of the Western Front that ran through some of French Flanders and Artois and comments on some of the cemeteries, monuments and memorials that are located there. This exercise will divide the front into distinct sections: Firstly the section from south of Ploegsteert to Festubert, then the section from La Bassée and Béthune to Lens, then the area around the two ridges of Notre Dame de Lorette and Vimy and finally Arras and Cambrai.".
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- List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Artois subject Category:1915_in_France.
- List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Artois subject Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_France.
- List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Artois subject Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_Germany.
- List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Artois subject Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_the_United_Kingdom.
- List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Artois subject Category:Battles_of_the_Western_Front_(World_War_I).
- List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Artois subject Category:Conflicts_in_1915.
- List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Artois subject Category:Conflicts_in_1916.
- List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Artois comment "Following the various declarations of war which were to lead to the First World War, the German Army opened the war on her western front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium and then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France. The German Army forced the Allied armies to retreat until the Battle of the Marne was fought, when the tide turned and the German Army was forced to retreat northwards.".
- List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Artois label "List of World War I memorials and cemeteries in Artois".
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