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- List_of_national_parks_of_England_and_Wales abstract "Within England and Wales there are 13 areas known as national parks, each administered by its own National Park Authority, a special purpose local authority the role of which as set out in the Environment Act 1995 is: to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the National Parks. and to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the National Parks by the public. The National Park Authority for each park addresses these aims in partnership with other organisations, such as the National Trust. In cases where there may be conflict between the two purposes of designation, the first must take precedence under the Sandford Principle. The National Park authorities also have a duty to foster the economic and social wellbeing of communities in pursuit of these purposes.National parks are designated under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 and must be confirmed by the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The 1949 Act came about after a prolonged campaign for public access to the countryside in the United Kingdom with its roots in the Industrial Revolution. The first 'freedom to roam' bill was introduced to Parliament in 1884 by James Bryce but it was not until 1931 that a government inquiry recommended the creation of a ‘National Park Authority’ to select areas for designation as National Parks. Despite the recommendation and continued lobbying and demonstrations of public discontent, such as the 1932 Kinder Scout mass trespass in the Peak District, nothing further was done until a 1945 White Paper on National Parks was produced as part of the Labour Party’s planned post-war reconstruction, leading in 1949 to the passing of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act.In England and Wales, as in Scotland, designation as a national park means that the area has been identified as being of importance to the national heritage and as such is worthy of special protection and attention. Unlike the model adopted in many other countries, such as the USA and Germany, this does not mean the area is owned by the state. National Parks may include substantial settlements and human land uses which are often integral parts of the landscape, and within a national park there are many landowners including public bodies and private individuals.The first national park, and site of the Kinder Scout trespass, the Peak District, was designated in April 1951 under the Clement Attlee led Labour administration, eight months before the end of King George VI's reign. This was followed in the same year by the designations of three more National Parks; the Lake District, Snowdonia and Dartmoor. By the end of the decade the National Park family had increased to 10 with the Pembrokeshire Coast, North York Moors, Yorkshire Dales, Exmoor, Northumberland and Brecon Beacons national parks all being designated. The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads, the eleventh member of the National Park family, was designated through its own Act of Parliament in 1988 gaining status 'equivalent to that of a National Park'. Separate legislation was passed in Scotland, namely the National Parks (Scotland) Act 2000, and from this two Scottish National Parks, the Cairngorms and Loch Lomond and The Trossachs, were created. Of the original 12 proposed English and Welsh National Parks, two remained undesignated going into the new millennium - the Cambrian Mountains and Cornish Coast. The New Forest became a National Park in 2005 and the South Downs was formally designated on 31 March 2010. All 15 United Kingdom National Parks are represented by the Association of National Park Authorities.Of the 10 National Parks in England, five are in the northern counties, two in the southwest counties, one in the east, and the most recent two designations in the south. In total, the National Parks touch only sixteen English counties and cover 9.3% of England, with no National Park in the central counties. The three National Parks of Wales by contrast occupy 19.9% of the land. The Lake District National Park at 2,292 square kilometres (885 sq mi) is the largest National Park in England and second largest in the United Kingdom after Scotland's Cairngorms National Park. Snowdonia National Park, at 2,142 square kilometres (827 sq mi), is Wales' largest National Park and the third largest in the United Kingdom. The smallest national park in England and Wales, and in the United Kingdom, is The Broads at 303 square kilometres (117 sq mi). The total area of the national parks in England and Wales is approximately 16,267 square kilometres (6,281 sq mi), for an average of 1,251 square kilometres but a median of 1,344 square kilometres. In the United Kingdom the total increases to 22,660 square kilometres (average 1511 km2). The most-visited national park is the Lake District, with 15.8 million visitors in 2009, although by visitor days the South Downs at 39 million compares to 23.1 million for the Lake District.The United Kingdom has a number of other designated landscape areas besides its National Parks. Most similar to the Parks are Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty which differ in part because of their more limited opportunities for extensive outdoor recreation. Dartmoor, the Lake District, North York Moors and the Yorkshire Dales all abut AONBs and in addition the coasts of Exmoor and the North York Moors coincide with Heritage Coasts. All the Parks contain in varying numbers Sites of Special Scientific Interest and National Nature Reserves. A part of the Brecon Beacons National Park is also designated a European Geopark. Of the various World Heritage Sites in England and Wales, none are National Parks in themselves though a part of the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape World Heritage Site falls within the Brecon Beacons National Park.".
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- List_of_national_parks_of_England_and_Wales subject Category:England_and_Wales.
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- List_of_national_parks_of_England_and_Wales subject Category:National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom.
- List_of_national_parks_of_England_and_Wales comment "Within England and Wales there are 13 areas known as national parks, each administered by its own National Park Authority, a special purpose local authority the role of which as set out in the Environment Act 1995 is: to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the National Parks. and to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the National Parks by the public.".
- List_of_national_parks_of_England_and_Wales label "List of national parks of England and Wales".
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