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• Luna_20 abstract "Luna 20 (Ye-8-5 series) was the second of three successful Soviet lunar sample return missions. It was flown as part of the Luna program, also called Lunik 20, as a robotic competitor to the six successful Apollo lunar sample return missions.Luna 20 was placed in an intermediate Earth parking orbit and from this orbit was sent towards the Moon. It entered lunar orbit on February 18, 1972. On February 21, 1972, Luna 20 soft landed on the Moon in a mountainous area known as the Terra Apollonius (or Apollonius highlands) near Mare Fecunditatis (Sea of Fertility), 120 km from where Luna 16 had landed. While on the lunar surface, the panoramic television system was operated. Lunar samples were obtained by means of an extendable drilling apparatus. The ascent stage of Luna 20 was launched from the lunar surface on 22 February 1972 carrying 55 grams of collected lunar samples in a sealed capsule. It landed in the Soviet Union on 25 February 1972. The lunar samples were recovered the following day.This was the eighth Soviet spacecraft launched to return lunar soil to Earth. It was evidently sent to complete the mission that Luna 18 had failed to accomplish. After a 4.5-day flight to the Moon, which included a single midcourse correction on 15 February, Luna 20 entered orbit around the Moon on 18 February. Initial orbital parameters were 100 x 100 kilometers at 65° inclination. Three days later, at 19:13 UT, the spacecraft fired its main engine for 267 seconds to begin descent to the lunar surface. A second firing further reduced velocity before Luna 20 set down safely on the Moon at 19:19 UT on 21 February 1972 at coordinates 3°32' north latitude and 56°33' east longitude, only 1.8 kilometers from the crash site of Luna 18. After collecting a small sample of lunar soil, the spacecraft’s ascent stage lifted off at 22:58 UT on 22 February and quickly accelerated to 2.7 kilometers per second velocity—sufficient to return to Earth. The small spherical capsule eventually parachuted down safely on an island in the Karkingir River, 40 kilometers north of the town of Jezkazgan in Kazakhstan, at 19:19 UT on 25 February 1972.The 55-gram soil sample differed from that collected by Luna 16 in that the majority (50 to 60%) of the rock particles in the newer sample were ancient lunar highlands anorthosite (which consists largely of feldspar) rather than the basalt of the earlier one (which contained about 1 to 2% of anorthosite). The American Apollo 16 mission returned similar highlands material two months later. Like the Luna 16 soil, samples of the Luna 20 collection were shared with American and French scientists.In March 2010, NASA reported that the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter had spotted the Luna 20.".
• Luna_20 thumbnail Luna-16.jpg?width=300.
• Luna_20 wikiPageExternalLink spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1972-007A.
• Luna_20 wikiPageExternalLink Luna.php.
• Luna_20 wikiPageID "99170".
• Luna_20 wikiPageRevisionID "592464665".
• Luna_20 apo "100.0".
• Luna_20 contractors Lavochkin.
• Luna_20 eccentricity "0".
• Luna_20 hasPhotoCollection Luna_20.
• Luna_20 inclination "65".
• Luna_20 instruments "Radiation detector".
• Luna_20 instruments "Remote arm for sample collection".
• Luna_20 instruments "Stereo imaging system".
• Luna_20 launchdate "--02-14".
• Luna_20 launchdate "12479.0".
• Luna_20 launchvehicle Proton_(rocket_family).
• Luna_20 list Luna_programme.
• Luna_20 lunarlandingcoords "3".
• Luna_20 lunarlandingdate "--02-21".
• Luna_20 lunarlandingdate "1159.0".
• Luna_20 lunarliftoffdate "--02-22".
• Luna_20 lunarliftoffdate "1378.0".
• Luna_20 mass "5727.0".
• Luna_20 missionduration "950400.0".
• Luna_20 missionhighlight "--02-25".
• Luna_20 missiontype Planetary_science.
• Luna_20 missiontype "Lunar Sample Return".
• Luna_20 name "Luna 20".
• Luna_20 next Luna_21.
• Luna_20 nssdcId "1972".
• Luna_20 orbits "~36".
• Luna_20 organization Soviet_Union.
• Luna_20 peri "100.0".
• Luna_20 period "7140.0".
• Luna_20 prev Luna_19.
• Luna_20 satelliteof Moon.
• Luna_20 semimajor "6477.8".
• Luna_20 web spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1972-007A.
• Luna_20 subject Category:1972_in_the_Soviet_Union.
• Luna_20 subject Category:Exploration_of_the_Moon.
• Luna_20 subject Category:Landers_(spacecraft).
• Luna_20 subject Category:Luna_program.
• Luna_20 subject Category:Missions_to_the_Moon.
• Luna_20 subject Category:Sample_return_missions.
• Luna_20 subject Category:Soft_landings_on_the_Moon.
• Luna_20 subject Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1972.
• Luna_20 type MeanOfTransportation.
• Luna_20 type Spacecraft.
• Luna_20 type DesignedArtifact.
• Luna_20 comment "Luna 20 (Ye-8-5 series) was the second of three successful Soviet lunar sample return missions. It was flown as part of the Luna program, also called Lunik 20, as a robotic competitor to the six successful Apollo lunar sample return missions.Luna 20 was placed in an intermediate Earth parking orbit and from this orbit was sent towards the Moon. It entered lunar orbit on February 18, 1972.".
• Luna_20 label "Loena 20".
• Luna_20 label "Luna 20".
• Luna_20 label "Luna 20".
• Luna_20 label "Luna 20".
• Luna_20 label "Luna 20".
• Luna_20 label "Łuna 20".
• Luna_20 label "Луна-20".
• Luna_20 label "ルナ20号".
• Luna_20 label "月球20号".
• Luna_20 sameAs Luna_20.
• Luna_20 sameAs Luna_20.
• Luna_20 sameAs Luna_20.
• Luna_20 sameAs Luna_20.
• Luna_20 sameAs ルナ20号.
• Luna_20 sameAs Loena_20.
• Luna_20 sameAs Łuna_20.
• Luna_20 sameAs Luna_20.
• Luna_20 sameAs m.0pbcf.
• Luna_20 sameAs Q761733.
• Luna_20 sameAs Q761733.
• Luna_20 wasDerivedFrom Luna_20?oldid=592464665.
• Luna_20 depiction Luna-16.jpg.
• Luna_20 homepage spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1972-007A.
• Luna_20 isPrimaryTopicOf Luna_20.
• Luna_20 name "Luna 20".