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- MSU_temperature_measurements abstract "Microwave sounding unit temperature measurements have been obtained from the troposphere since 1979, when they were included within NOAA weather satellites. By comparison, the usable balloon (radiosonde) record begins in 1958 but has less geographic coverage and is less uniform. Satellites do not measure temperature. They measure radiances in various wavelength bands, which must then be mathematically inverted to obtain indirect inferences of temperature. The resulting temperature profiles depend on details of the methods that are used to obtain temperatures from radiances. As a result, different groups that have analyzed the satellite data have obtained different temperature trends. Among these groups are Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) and the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). The satellite series is not fully homogeneous - the record is constructed from a series of satellites with similar but not identical instrumentation. The sensors deteriorate over time, and corrections are necessary for satellite drift in orbit. Particularly large differences between reconstructed temperature series occur at the few times when there is little temporal overlap between successive satellites, making intercalibration difficult.To compare to the trend from the surface temperature record (approximately +0.07 °C/decade over the past century and +0.15-0.16 °C/decade since 1979) it is most appropriate to derive trends for the part of the atmosphere nearest the surface, i.e., the lower troposphere. Doing this, through January 2012: RSS v3.3 finds a trend of +0.137 °C/decade. UAH v5.4 finds a trend of +0.136°C/decade.An alternative adjustment introduced by Fu et al. (2004) finds trends (1979–2011) of +0.14 °C/decade when applied to the RSS data set and +0.11 °C/decade when applied to the UAH data set .Using the T2 channel (which include significant contributions from the stratosphere, which has cooled), Mears et al. of Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) find (through January 2012) a trend of +0.082 °C/decade. Spencer and Christy of the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), find a smaller trend of +0.046 °C/decade.A no longer updated analysis of Vinnikov and Grody found +0.20°C per decade +0.20°C per decade (1978–2005).Another satellite temperature analysis is provided by NOAA/NESDIS STAR Center for Satellite Application and Research and use simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNO) to remove satellite intercalibration biases yielding more accurate temperature trends. The SNO analysis finds a 1979-2011 trend of +0.128°C/decade for T2 channel.The satellite records have the advantage of greater spatial coverage, whereas the radiosonde record is longer. There have been complaints of data problems with both records, and difficulty reconciling climate model predictions with the observed data.".
- MSU_temperature_measurements thumbnail Satellite_Temperatures.png?width=300.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageExternalLink angell.html.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageExternalLink tropical_upper_air.png.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageExternalLink essd12jan99_1.htm.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageExternalLink essd13aug98_1.htm.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageExternalLink upper_air_temps.gif.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageExternalLink default.htm.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageExternalLink sap1-1-final-chap5.pdf.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageExternalLink sap1-1-final-execsum.pdf.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageExternalLink ar4-wg1-spm.pdf.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageExternalLink hadat.html.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageID "30471028".
- MSU_temperature_measurements wikiPageRevisionID "602039119".
- MSU_temperature_measurements align "right".
- MSU_temperature_measurements caption "Atmospheric temperature trends from 1979-2011 based on satellite measurements.".
- MSU_temperature_measurements caption "Comparison of ground based measurements of surface temperature and satellite based records of mid-tropospheric temperature from 1979-2009. Trends plotted since January 1982.".
- MSU_temperature_measurements direction "vertical".
- MSU_temperature_measurements hasPhotoCollection MSU_temperature_measurements.
- MSU_temperature_measurements image "RSS_troposphere_stratosphere_trend.png".
- MSU_temperature_measurements image "Satellite Temperatures.png".
- MSU_temperature_measurements width "200".
- MSU_temperature_measurements subject Category:Climate_change_science.
- MSU_temperature_measurements subject Category:Satellite_meteorology_and_remote_sensing.
- MSU_temperature_measurements comment "Microwave sounding unit temperature measurements have been obtained from the troposphere since 1979, when they were included within NOAA weather satellites. By comparison, the usable balloon (radiosonde) record begins in 1958 but has less geographic coverage and is less uniform. Satellites do not measure temperature. They measure radiances in various wavelength bands, which must then be mathematically inverted to obtain indirect inferences of temperature.".
- MSU_temperature_measurements label "MSU temperature measurements".
- MSU_temperature_measurements sameAs m.0g9_dyc.
- MSU_temperature_measurements sameAs Q17164924.
- MSU_temperature_measurements sameAs Q17164924.
- MSU_temperature_measurements wasDerivedFrom MSU_temperature_measurements?oldid=602039119.
- MSU_temperature_measurements depiction Satellite_Temperatures.png.
- MSU_temperature_measurements isPrimaryTopicOf MSU_temperature_measurements.