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- Mammal abstract "Mammals (class Mammalia /məˈmeɪli.ə/) are a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from the reptiles and the birds by the possession of hair, three middle ear bones, mammary glands in females, and a neocortex (a region of the brain). The mammalian brain regulates body temperature and the circulatory system, including the four-chambered heart. The mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and some other whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, some primates and some cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in the trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta which feeds the offspring during pregnancy. Mammals range in size from the 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale.The word "mammal" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma ("teat, pap"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species at the end of that period. In some classifications, the mammals are divided into two subclasses (not counting fossils): the Prototheria (order of Monotremata) and the Theria, the latter composed of the infraclasses Metatheria and Eutheria. The marsupials constitute the crown group of the Metatheria and therefore include all living metatherians as well as many extinct ones; the placentals likewise constitute the crown group of the Eutheria.Except for the five species of monotremes (egg-laying mammals), all modern mammals give birth to live young. Most mammals, including the six most species-rich orders, belong to the placental group. The three largest orders, in descending order, are Rodentia (mice, rats, porcupines, beavers, capybaras, and other gnawing mammals), Chiroptera (bats), and Soricomorpha (shrews, moles and solenodons). The next three largest orders, depending on the classification scheme used, are the primates, to which the human species belongs, the Cetartiodactyla (including the even-toed hoofed mammals and the whales), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, weasels, bears, seals, and their relatives). While the classification of mammals at the family level has been relatively stable, different treatments at higher levels—subclass, infraclass, and order—appear in contemporaneous literature, especially for the marsupials. Much recent change has reflected the results of cladistic analysis and molecular genetics. Results from molecular genetics, for example, have led to the adoption of new groups such as the Afrotheria and the abandonment of traditional groups such as the Insectivora.The early synapsid mammalian ancestors were sphenacodont pelycosaurs, a group that also included Dimetrodon. At the end of the Carboniferous period, this group diverged from the sauropsid line that led to today's reptiles and birds. Preceded by many diverse groups of non-mammalian synapsids (sometimes referred to as mammal-like reptiles), the first mammals appeared in the early Mesozoic era. The modern mammalian orders arose in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.".
- Mammal thumbnail Mammal_Diversity_2011.png?width=300.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink Mammalia.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink index.php?p=datasets-species.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink marine_mammals.php.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink paleocene-mammals.de.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink tree_of_life.htm.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink Mammal.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink Evolution.shtml.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink mapmaker.php.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink Australophenida.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink taxa.asp?classid=278796.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink mammals.php.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink www.mammalogy.org.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink BROWN.TREE.pdf.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink Mammalia_Palaestina.html&date=2009-10-26+00:38:56.
- Mammal wikiPageExternalLink springer200-phyl.pdf.
- Mammal wikiPageID "18838".
- Mammal wikiPageRevisionID "606762188".
- Mammal authority "Linnaeus, 1758".
- Mammal displayParents "2".
- Mammal eol "1642".
- Mammal hasPhotoCollection Mammal.
- Mammal imageCaption "Examples of various mammalian orders. Click to see originals. Row 1: common vampire bat, Virginia opossum, eastern grey kangaroo.".
- Mammal imageCaption "Row 2: southern marsupial mole, humans, northern elephant seals.".
- Mammal imageCaption "Row 3: fox squirrel, tree pangolin, African elephants.".
- Mammal imageCaption "Row 4: platypus, colugo, reindeer.".
- Mammal imageCaption "Row 5: humpback whale, star-nosed mole, giant panda.".
- Mammal imageCaption "Row 6: giant armadillo, plains zebras, black and rufous elephant shrew.".
- Mammal imageWidth "275".
- Mammal itis "179913".
- Mammal name "Mammals".
- Mammal namebank "2478620".
- Mammal ncbi "40674".
- Mammal others Mammalia.
- Mammal subdivision "*Clade Australosphenida **Order Ausktribosphenida **Order Monotremata *Order Eutriconodonta *Order Gobiconodonta *Order Multituberculata *Clade Trechnotheria **Subclass Theria ***Infraclass Marsupialia ***Infraclass Placentalia".
- Mammal subdivisionRanks "Subgroups".
- Mammal taxon "Mammalia".
- Mammal wikispecies "Mammalia".
- Mammal subject Category:Classes_(biology).
- Mammal subject Category:Mammals.
- Mammal subject Category:Synapsids.
- Mammal subject Category:Therapsids.
- Mammal type Animal.
- Mammal type BiologicalLivingObject.
- Mammal type EukaryoticCell.
- Mammal type Mammal.
- Mammal comment "Mammals (class Mammalia /məˈmeɪli.ə/) are a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from the reptiles and the birds by the possession of hair, three middle ear bones, mammary glands in females, and a neocortex (a region of the brain). The mammalian brain regulates body temperature and the circulatory system, including the four-chambered heart.".
- Mammal label "Mammal".
- Mammal label "Mammalia".
- Mammal label "Mammalia".
- Mammal label "Mammifère".
- Mammal label "Mamíferos".
- Mammal label "Ssaki".
- Mammal label "Säugetiere".
- Mammal label "Zoogdieren".
- Mammal label "Млекопитающие".
- Mammal label "ثدييات".
- Mammal label "哺乳动物".
- Mammal label "哺乳類".
- Mammal sameAs Savci.
- Mammal sameAs Säugetiere.
- Mammal sameAs Θηλαστικό.
- Mammal sameAs Mammalia.
- Mammal sameAs Ugaztun.
- Mammal sameAs Mammifère.
- Mammal sameAs Binatang_menyusui.
- Mammal sameAs Mammalia.
- Mammal sameAs 哺乳類.
- Mammal sameAs 포유류.
- Mammal sameAs Zoogdieren.
- Mammal sameAs Ssaki.
- Mammal sameAs Mamíferos.
- Mammal sameAs m.04rky.
- Mammal sameAs Q7377.
- Mammal sameAs Q7377.
- Mammal wasDerivedFrom Mammal?oldid=606762188.
- Mammal depiction Mammal_Diversity_2011.png.
- Mammal isPrimaryTopicOf Mammal.