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• Marshall_Applewhite abstract "Marshall Herff Applewhite, Jr. (May 17, 1931 – March 1997; also known as Bo and Do among other names) was an American religious leader who founded what became known as the Heaven's Gate religious group and organized their mass suicide in 1997. It was the largest mass suicide to occur inside the U.S.A native of Texas, Applewhite attended several universities and served in the United States Army as a young man. After finishing school, he taught music at the University of Alabama. He later returned to Texas, where he led choruses and served as the chair of the music department at the University of St. Thomas in Houston. He left the school in 1970, citing emotional turmoil. His father's death a year later brought on severe depression. In 1972, he developed a close friendship with Bonnie Nettles, a nurse; together, they discussed mysticism at length and concluded that they were called as divine messengers. They unsuccessfully attempted to open a bookstore and teaching center, and then began to travel around the U.S. in 1973 to spread their views. However, they only gained one convert. In 1975, Applewhite was arrested for failing to return a rental car and was jailed for six months. In jail he further developed his theology.After Applewhite's release, he traveled to California and Oregon with Nettles, eventually gaining a group of committed followers. Applewhite and Nettles told their followers that they would be visited by extraterrestrials that would provide them with new bodies. Applewhite initially stated that he and his followers would physically ascend to a spaceship, where their bodies would be transformed, but later, he came to believe that their bodies were mere containers of their souls, which would be placed into new bodies. These ideas were expressed with language drawn from Christian eschatology, the New Age movement, and American popular culture.The group received an influx of funds in the late 1970s, which it used to pay housing and other expenses. In 1985, Nettles died, leaving Applewhite distraught and challenging his views on physical ascension. In the early 1990s the group took more steps to publicize their theology. In 1996, they learned of the approach of Comet Hale–Bopp and rumors of an accompanying spaceship. They concluded that this spaceship was the vessel that would transport their spirits aboard for a journey to another planet. Believing that their souls would ascend to the spaceship and be given new bodies, all the group members killed themselves in their mansion. A media circus followed the discovery of their bodies. In the aftermath, commentators and academics discussed how Applewhite persuaded people to follow his commands, including suicide. Some commentators attributed his followers' willingness to commit suicide to his skill as a manipulator, while others argued that their willingness was due to their faith in the narrative that he constructed.".
• Marshall_Applewhite alias "Bo; Do".
• Marshall_Applewhite alias "Do, Bo, Tiddly, Nincom, Guinea".
• Marshall_Applewhite birthDate "1931-05-17".
• Marshall_Applewhite birthName "Marshall Herff Applewhite, Jr.".
• Marshall_Applewhite birthPlace Spur,_Texas.
• Marshall_Applewhite birthYear "1931".
• Marshall_Applewhite deathDate "1997".
• Marshall_Applewhite deathPlace California.
• Marshall_Applewhite deathPlace Rancho_Santa_Fe,_California.
• Marshall_Applewhite deathYear "1997".
• Marshall_Applewhite knownFor Heaven's_Gate_(religious_group).
• Marshall_Applewhite lccnId "nr/97/12695".
• Marshall_Applewhite viafId "197068716".
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• Marshall_Applewhite wikiPageExternalLink from-religious-childhood-to-reins-of-a-ufo-cult.html.
• Marshall_Applewhite wikiPageExternalLink eyes-on-glory-pied-pipers-of-heaven-s-gate.html.
• Marshall_Applewhite wikiPageExternalLink christ-and-comets.html.
• Marshall_Applewhite wikiPageExternalLink secrets-of-the-cult.html.
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• Marshall_Applewhite wikiPageID "379359".
• Marshall_Applewhite wikiPageRevisionID "596346348".
• Marshall_Applewhite 1a "Balch".
• Marshall_Applewhite 1a "Bearak".
• Marshall_Applewhite 1a "Chryssides".
• Marshall_Applewhite 1a "Lalich, Bounded Choice".
• Marshall_Applewhite 1a "Lewis".
• Marshall_Applewhite 1a "Taylor".
• Marshall_Applewhite 1a "Urban".
• Marshall_Applewhite 1a "Zeller".
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• Marshall_Applewhite 2a "Balch".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2a "Bearak".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2a "Lalich, Bounded Choice".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2a "Raine".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2a "Taylor".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2a "The San Diego Union-Tribune, "Heaven's Gate: A Timeline"".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2a "Zeller".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2a "Zeller, "Extraterrestrial Biblical Hermeneutics"".
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• Marshall_Applewhite 2y "1997".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2y "2002".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2y "2004".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2y "2005".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2y "2006".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2y "2010".
• Marshall_Applewhite 2y "2011".
• Marshall_Applewhite 3a "Partridge".
• Marshall_Applewhite 3a "The San Diego Union-Tribune, "Heaven's Gate: A Timeline"".
• Marshall_Applewhite 3a "Zeller, Prophets and Protons".
• Marshall_Applewhite 3p "123".
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• Marshall_Applewhite 3p "149".
• Marshall_Applewhite 3p "51".
• Marshall_Applewhite 3y "1997".
• Marshall_Applewhite 3y "2006".
• Marshall_Applewhite 3y "2010".
• Marshall_Applewhite alt "A wide eyed man addressing a camera".
• Marshall_Applewhite alternativeNames "Bo; Do".
• Marshall_Applewhite birthDate "1931-05-17".
• Marshall_Applewhite birthName "Marshall Herff Applewhite, Jr.".
• Marshall_Applewhite birthPlace Spur,_Texas.
• Marshall_Applewhite caption "Applewhite addressing the audience in a video".
• Marshall_Applewhite dateOfBirth "1931-05-17".
• Marshall_Applewhite dateOfDeath "March 1997".
• Marshall_Applewhite deathCause "Suicide".

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