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- Middle_Welsh abstract "Middle Welsh (Welsh: Cymraeg Canol) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 14th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed from Old Welsh. Middle Welsh is the language of nearly all surviving early manuscripts of the Mabinogion, although the tales themselves are certainly much older. It is also the language of most of the manuscripts of Welsh law. Middle Welsh is reasonably intelligible, albeit with some work, to a modern-day Welsh speaker.The phonology of Middle Welsh is quite similar to that of modern Welsh, with only a few differences (Evans 1964). The letter u, which today represents /ɨ/ in North Welsh dialects and /i/ in South Welsh dialects, represented the close central rounded vowel /ʉ/ in Middle Welsh. The diphthong aw is found in unstressed final syllables in Middle Welsh, while in Modern Welsh it has become o (e.g. Middle Welsh marchawc = Modern Welsh marchog "horseman"). Similarly, the Middle Welsh diphthongs ei and eu have become ai and au in final syllables, e.g. Middle Welsh seith = modern saith "seven", Middle Welsh heul = modern haul "sun".The orthography of Middle Welsh was not standardized, and there is great variation between manuscripts in how certain sounds are spelled. Some generalizations of differences between Middle Welsh spelling and Modern Welsh spelling can be made (Evans 1964). For example, the possessive pronouns ei "his, her", eu "their" and the preposition i "to" are very commonly spelled y in Middle Welsh, and are thus spelled the same as the definite article y and the indirect relative particle y. A phrase such as y gath is therefore ambiguous in Middle Welsh between the meaning "the cat" (spelled the same in Modern Welsh), the meaning "his cat" (modern ei gath), and the meaning "to a cat" (modern i gath). The voiced stop consonants /d ɡ/ are represented by the letters t c at the end of a word, e.g. diffryt "protection" (modern diffryd), redec "running" (modern rhedeg). The sound /k/ is very often spelled k before the vowels e i y (in Modern Welsh, it is always spelled c, e.g. Middle Welsh keivyn = modern ceifn "third cousin"). The sound /v/ is usually spelled u or v, except at the end of a word, where it is spelled f (in Modern Welsh, it is always spelled f, e.g. Middle Welsh auall = modern afall "apple tree"). The sound /ð/ is usually spelled d (in Modern Welsh, it is spelled dd, e.g. Middle Welsh dyd = modern dydd "day"). The sound /r̥/ is spelled r and is thus not distinguished from /r/ (in Modern Welsh, they are distinguished as rh and r respectively, e.g. Middle Welsh redec "running" vs. modern rhedeg).".
- Middle_Welsh iso6393Code "wlm".
- Middle_Welsh languageFamily Brittonic_languages.
- Middle_Welsh languageFamily Celtic_languages.
- Middle_Welsh languageFamily Insular_Celtic_languages.
- Middle_Welsh spokenIn Wales.
- Middle_Welsh wikiPageExternalLink old_and_middle_welsh.pdf.
- Middle_Welsh wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Middle_Welsh wikiPageExternalLink en.
- Middle_Welsh wikiPageID "2220016".
- Middle_Welsh wikiPageRevisionID "593917320".
- Middle_Welsh ancestor Common_Brittonic.
- Middle_Welsh ancestor Old_Welsh.
- Middle_Welsh category "Middle Welsh language".
- Middle_Welsh era "Evolved into Modern Welsh about the 15th century".
- Middle_Welsh fam Brittonic_languages.
- Middle_Welsh fam Celtic_languages.
- Middle_Welsh fam Insular_Celtic_languages.
- Middle_Welsh familycolor "Indo-European".
- Middle_Welsh hasPhotoCollection Middle_Welsh.
- Middle_Welsh iso "wlm".
- Middle_Welsh linglist "wlm".
- Middle_Welsh name "Middle Welsh".
- Middle_Welsh nativename "Kymraec".
- Middle_Welsh notice "IPA".
- Middle_Welsh script Latin_script.
- Middle_Welsh states Wales.
- Middle_Welsh type "Middle Welsh".
- Middle_Welsh wordnet_type synset-language-noun-1.
- Middle_Welsh subject Category:Medieval_languages.
- Middle_Welsh subject Category:Welsh_language.
- Middle_Welsh type Abstraction100002137.
- Middle_Welsh type Communication100033020.
- Middle_Welsh type Language106282651.
- Middle_Welsh type MedievalLanguages.
- Middle_Welsh type Language.
- Middle_Welsh type Language.
- Middle_Welsh type Language.
- Middle_Welsh type InformationEntity.
- Middle_Welsh comment "Middle Welsh (Welsh: Cymraeg Canol) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 14th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed from Old Welsh. Middle Welsh is the language of nearly all surviving early manuscripts of the Mabinogion, although the tales themselves are certainly much older. It is also the language of most of the manuscripts of Welsh law.".
- Middle_Welsh label "Galês médio".
- Middle_Welsh label "Lingua medio gallese".
- Middle_Welsh label "Middle Welsh".
- Middle_Welsh label "Средневаллийский язык".
- Middle_Welsh label "中古威爾斯語".
- Middle_Welsh sameAs Lingua_medio_gallese.
- Middle_Welsh sameAs Galês_médio.
- Middle_Welsh sameAs m.06wx_g.
- Middle_Welsh sameAs Q2487263.
- Middle_Welsh sameAs Q2487263.
- Middle_Welsh sameAs Middle_Welsh.
- Middle_Welsh wasDerivedFrom Middle_Welsh?oldid=593917320.
- Middle_Welsh isPrimaryTopicOf Middle_Welsh.
- Middle_Welsh name "Kymraec".
- Middle_Welsh name "Middle Welsh".