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- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 abstract "Bird law redirects here. For the magazine see Bird-Lore (in 1966 it was renamed "Audubon".)The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA), codified at 16 U.S.C. §§ 703–712 (although §709 is omitted), is a United States federal law, first enacted in 1916 in order to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Great Britain (acting on behalf of Canada). The statute makes it unlawful without a waiver to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill or sell birds listed therein ("migratory birds"). The statute does not discriminate between live or dead birds and also grants full protection to any bird parts including feathers, eggs and nests. Over 800 species are currently on the list [1].Some exceptions to the act, known as the eagle feather law, are enacted in federal regulations (50 C.F.R. 22), which regulates the taking, possession, and transportation of bald eagles, golden eagles, and their "parts, nests, and eggs" for "scientific, educational, and depredation control purposes; for the religious purposes of American Indian tribes; and to protect other interests in a particular locality." Enrolled members of federally recognized tribes may apply for an eagle permit for use in "bona fide tribal religious ceremonies."However, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has been issuing large exemptions to the protections, in the form of bird-killing permits to public and private entities that are not announced in the Federal Register and must instead be disclosed by cumbersome Freedom of Information Act requests. In May 2013, an environmental activist in New York obtained 13 such permits issued in 2012 and 2013 that included, among others, one issued to a federal agency to kill 5,000 Canada geese and 3,700 other birds in 88 other species (including owls, hawks, osprey, mallard ducks, sparrows, cardinals, woodpeckers, etc.) across NY State from October 2012 to September 2013 [2].The Act was enacted in an era when many bird species were threatened by the commercial trade in birds and bird feathers. The Act was one of the first federal environmental laws (the Lacey Act had been enacted in 1900). The Act replaced the earlier Weeks-McLean Act (1913). Since 1918, similar conventions between the United States and four other nations have been made and incorporated into the MBTA: Mexico (1936), Japan (1972) and the Soviet Union (1976, now its successor state Russia). Some of these conventions stipulate protections not only for the birds themselves, but also for habitats and environs necessary for the birds’ survival.Constitutionally this law is of interest as it is a use of the federal treaty making power to override the provisions of state law. The principle that the federal government may do this was upheld in the case Missouri v. Holland.".
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 wikiPageExternalLink usda-authorized-to-kill-dozens-of-bird-species-in-new-york.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 wikiPageExternalLink Part%2010%20list%20-%20proposed.pdf.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 wikiPageExternalLink mbtandx.html.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 wikiPageExternalLink usc_sup_01_16_10_7_20_II.html.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 wikiPageExternalLink MBTANDX.HTML.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 wikiPageExternalLink mbtintro.html.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 wikiPageID "1475848".
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 wikiPageRevisionID "604812334".
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 hasPhotoCollection Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 subject Category:1918_in_international_relations.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 subject Category:1918_in_law.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 subject Category:1918_in_the_United_States.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 subject Category:1918_in_the_environment.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 subject Category:Bird_conservation.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 subject Category:Bird_hunting.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 subject Category:Environmental_law_in_Canada.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 subject Category:International_environmental_law.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 subject Category:United_States_federal_environmental_legislation.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 comment "Bird law redirects here. For the magazine see Bird-Lore (in 1966 it was renamed "Audubon".)The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA), codified at 16 U.S.C. §§ 703–712 (although §709 is omitted), is a United States federal law, first enacted in 1916 in order to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Great Britain (acting on behalf of Canada).".
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 label "Convention concernant les oiseaux migrateurs".
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 label "Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918".
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 label "Migratory Bird Treaty Act".
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 sameAs Convention_concernant_les_oiseaux_migrateurs.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 sameAs Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 sameAs m.054hb6.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 sameAs Q2740106.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 sameAs Q2740106.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 wasDerivedFrom Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918?oldid=604812334.
- Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918 isPrimaryTopicOf Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918.