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- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) abstract "Don Miguel Enríquez (c. 1674–1743), was a Puerto Rican privateer in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. He intercepted foreign merchant ships in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. A mulatto born out of wedlock in San Juan, Enríquez was a shoemaker by occupation. During the last year of the 17th century he was recruited to defend Puerto Rico, then a colony of the Spanish Empire, and commanded a small fleet that intercepted English merchant ships and other ships dedicated to contraband. These outlaws were thriving in the waters of the Caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean, notably in the areas surrounding Saint Thomas, Curaçao and Jamaica. He was considered a pirate by the enemies of Spain since it was common practice then for the Spanish government to look the other way when ships of other countries were attacked. After some time operating independently, Enríquez received from the Spanish Crown a letter of marque and reprisal, a special permit granting him the privileges of privateer. Corsairs from Puerto Rico were often called guardacostas, or "coast guards." They operated in the same fashion as any other pirate, the only difference was that they did it in the name of Spain, protecting Spanish trade restrictions. Employing a systematic approach, Enríquez was able to become the most successful and influential Puerto Rican of his time. However, despite this, he was never able to gain the acceptance of the higher social classes, something that he strived to earn throughout his life.During his years as a privateer, Enríquez established close links with the Spanish Monarchy. His ships were responsible for the distribution throughout the West Indies of urgent messages that arrived at San Juan or La Aguada. When there was a shortage of royal vessels, Enríquez's fleet was responsible for transporting items on behalf of Spain without charge. His fleet also provided transportation for the authorities that arrived at Puerto Rico en route to other locations and for missionaries. Throughout the War of the Spanish Succession, Enríquez's fleet was responsible for guarding the Antilles from incursions by the British and Dutch. Among the places where he established connections was the adjacent island of St. Thomas. Enríquez also dealt directly with the governor of Curaçao. At a time when letters of marque were being regularly issued in neighboring islands his actions converted San Juan into the most important port in the Caribbean. Between 1702 and 1713 Enríquez owned a fleet of more than thirty vessels, losing at least a dozen and capturing more than twenty others. By the time that his career was over, he had reportedly commanded a fleet of over 300 privateer ships, of which approximately 150 were lost, employing close to 1,500 sailors.In 1717, England occupied the island of Vieques which was under the control of the Spanish Government of Puerto Rico. According to the English government, they did not recognize the Spanish claim to the island which they referred to as "Crab Island". Enríquez, with the consent of the government, organized an expeditionary force which consisted of two ships with seven members of the regular Spanish Army and 286 members of the Puerto Rican militia. The ships were escorted by a Spanish warship under the command of Naval Commander José Roocher. Enríquez's men fought and defeated the English in Vieques, taking most of their enemy to the mainland of Puerto Rico as their prisoners. He was received as a national hero when he returned the island of Vieques to the Spanish Empire and to the governorship of Puerto Rico. The English government became alarmed and sent a warship to San Juan. Further confrontation between both nations was avoided when the Spanish authorities returned the prisoners. His fleet also participated in other military expeditions in 1728 and 1729.Enríquez received several recognitions and exemptions that facilitated his work and contributed towards his vast wealth. Under the order of King Philip V (1683–1746), he was awarded The Gold Medal of the Royal Effigy (Spanish: "La Medalla de Oro de la Real Efigie") in 1713 and was named Capitán de Mar y Guerra y Armador de Corsos (loosely translated as Captain of the Seas and War and Chief Provider to the Crown Corsairs). The Crown also granted him a Royal Auxiliary Identification Document (Spanish: Real Cédula Auxiliar) , which allowed him to directly seek help from the Council of the Indies regardless of how insignificant a conflict was.Enríquez also acquired the local rights of the Guinea Company and the Royal Asiento of England, organizations dedicated to slave trading which were authorized to do so by Spain. His actions placed him at odds with several influential members of San Juan's society. To counter this, Enríquez supported any new governor by offering his services and providing other help. However, all but José Antonio Mendizábal unsuccessfully tried to revoke his privateering contract, often finding themselves in trouble when he responded by using his resources. The most notable example was Juan de Ribera, who Enríquez managed to remove from the office of governor after an arduous conflict by employing his influence. He also pursued the favor of the bishops appointed to San Juan, earning the support of Pedro de la Concepción Urtiaga and Fernando de Valbidia, but failing to earn the trust of Lorenzo Pizarro. Enríquez's influence extended to several other systems, including the courts and military. He owned 300 slaves and his fortune, at the time, was among the largest in the Americas. Throughout his career, Enríquez was persecuted by the Spanish elite in the island and jailed on various occasions. At the peak of his success, he was able to employ his influence to have governor Danío Granados prosecuted and jailed. However, as international politics evolved, his influence dwindled. By the time that Abadía became governor, Enríquez was unable to accomplish his removal from office. He was charged with smuggling and stripped of all his power and wealth by the government. Enríquez fled and took refuge in the Catholic Church which he normally attended. He had allies in the church which he earned because throughout the years he had been generous with his donations. The charges of smuggling made by the Spanish government were eventually dropped, but Enríquez chose to remain in the convent where he died a pauper.".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) birthDate "1674".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) birthPlace San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) deathDate "1743".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) deathPlace Puerto_Rico.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) deathPlace San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) thumbnail Miguel_Enriquez.jpg?width=300.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) wikiPageID "678164".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) wikiPageRevisionID "605772307".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) allegiance "Spanish Navy".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) awards "La Medalla de Oro de la Real Efigie".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) baseOfOperations "San Juan, Puerto Rico".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) battles "Defeated the British in Vieques".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) birthDate "c. 1674–80".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) birthPlace San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) caption "Capt. Miguel Enríquez".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) commands "Private fleet".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) dateOfBirth "1674".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) dateOfDeath "1743".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) deathDate "1743".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) deathPlace "San Juan, Puerto Rico".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) imageSize "150".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) name "Henriquez, Miguel".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) name "Miguel Enríquez".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) nickname "The Grand Archvillain".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) placeOfBirth San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) placeOfDeath "San Juan, Puerto Rico".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) rank "Caballero of the Royal Effigy of Spain".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) rank "Captain of the Land and Seas".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) relations "Rosa Enríquez".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) relations "Several unrecognized children".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) relations "Vicente Enríquez".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) serviceyears "1700".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) shortDescription "Puerto Rican privateer".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) type "Privateer".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) wealth "Aprox. 500,000 Spanish pesos".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) description "Puerto Rican privateer".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:1674_births.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:1743_deaths.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:18th-century_Puerto_Rican_people.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:People_from_San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:People_of_the_Spanish_colonial_Americas.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:Prisoners_and_detainees_of_Spain.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:Puerto_Rican_Spanish_Navy_personnel.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:Puerto_Rican_military_officers.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:Puerto_Rican_military_personnel.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:Puerto_Rican_pirates.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:Puerto_Rican_prisoners_and_detainees.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) subject Category:Shoemakers.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) type Agent.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) type Person.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) type Person.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) type Q215627.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) type Q5.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) type Agent.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) type NaturalPerson.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) type Thing.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) type Person.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) comment "Don Miguel Enríquez (c. 1674–1743), was a Puerto Rican privateer in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. He intercepted foreign merchant ships in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. A mulatto born out of wedlock in San Juan, Enríquez was a shoemaker by occupation. During the last year of the 17th century he was recruited to defend Puerto Rico, then a colony of the Spanish Empire, and commanded a small fleet that intercepted English merchant ships and other ships dedicated to contraband.".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) label "Miguel Enríquez (privateer)".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) sameAs Miguel_Enr%C3%ADquez_(privateer).
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) sameAs Q6844597.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) sameAs Q6844597.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) wasDerivedFrom Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer)?oldid=605772307.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) depiction Miguel_Enriquez.jpg.
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) givenName "Miguel".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) name "Miguel Henriquez".
- Miguel_Enríquez_(privateer) surname "Henriquez".