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- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni abstract "Mohammad-Vali Khan, Khalatbari Tonekāboni (Persian: محمدولیخان تنکابنی), known as Sepahdar A'zam was the leader of the constitutionalist revolutionary forces from Iran's northern provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran and known as one of the greatest statesman and military commanders of Persian history as well as its wealthiest nobleman.He served as colonel for ten years and became Minister of Post and Telegraph as well as Minister of Customs where he was in charge of all imports into and exports out of the Persian empire. Later he became Minister of Treasury where he was singlehandedly in charge of the entire country's coin issue. He also held the title of Minister of Defence and was Prime Minister for four terms. His highest military title was Commander in Chief. He was of the royal Khalatbari family.As an ethnic Persian, Sepahsalar Khalatbari was the only leader who was able to restore security inside Persia by controlling the ethnic Turkomans inside the kingdom. He was called upon many times by not only the various sectors of the Persian government but also by the Russians to suppress the Turkomans. His enormous wealth with income estimated at US$2 million/year in the early 1900s (the equivalent of $530 million/year in 2000) allowed him to be the chief financier of the Persian Empire where he would use his property as collateral for loans the kingdom obtained from Russia and Britain.In 1909 he was given the title Sepahdar Azam and was sent by then King Mohammad Ali Shah to crush the Turkoman Azerbaijani constitutionalist uprising in the northwest headed by Baqer Khan and Satter Khan. He arrived in Azerbaijan but refused to fight the constitutionalist forces deeming it "fratricide". Instead he returned to Tonekabon and due to his genius military skill and national democratic following became the leader of the constitutionalist and anti-royalist forces, the same forces he was sent to crush. As their new leader he first occupied the city of Qazvin and then marched onto Tehran.During his march to Tehran the Russian foreign ministry in Saint Petersburg sent a telegram to the Russian Embassy in Tehran stating:"Please inform His Excellency Sepahdar Azam that if he and his army peacefully march on Tehran and then proceed to the house of Saad al Dowleh, then on the authority of this telegram, Sepahdar Azam and all his relatives and kin will be placed in the protection of the Tsarist government. The Tsarist government will pay him the equivalent of 6 million gold menats (approx US$500,000,000)."Sepahdar Azam (Khalatbari Tonekaboni) wrote back"The Russian government believes I have done all this for my own personal gain. For Iran's freedom and independence I will sacrifice my life and property and those of my children."Rejecting the Tsarist government's request, he continued his march and forced the royalists in Tehran to surrender. King Mohammad Ali Shah fled and sought refuge in the Russian embassy, then left Persia altogether. With no king or ruler, parliament passed a resolution to crown Khalatbari Tonekaboni the new King of Persia. He refused this title and instead urged a constitutional democracy. Eventually he accepted the title of Sepahsalar (Commander in Chief). Sepahsalar-e Khalatbari Tonekaboni became Minister of Defence in the first constitutionalist government that followed dethroning of King Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar in 1909. He subsequently became Prime Minister of Iran four times. As the largest property owner in Persia his noble "Khan" status allowed him to rule several fiefdoms in Gilan and Mazandarin provinces, including the city and regions surrounding Tonekabon.Sepahsalar Khalatbari Tonekaboni continued to fight the religious clerics' attempts to create a theocracy as well as the ruling establishments attempts to continue a monarchy. He took frequent trips to France to learn the French system of representative democracy.With the advent of the Pahlavi dynasty and the Reza Khans, imposed by the British in the 1920s, Sepahsalar Khalatbari Tonekaboni was placed under increased political pressure. Much of his property was seized by the new government in an attempt to control his wealth and his power. His favorite son, Colonel Ali Asghar Khan, was poisoned by agents of the Pahlavis. Sepahsalar had seen the new and first democratic constitutionalist government which he had created turn into an oppressive dictatorship plundered internally and controlled externally by the British.On July 16, 1926, at the age of eighty, Sepahsalar Khalatbari Tonekaboni committed suicide. His last note, written to his eldest son Amir Asad, read: "Amir Asad, right away take my body to the shrine for cleansing and burial next to my son Saad al Dowleh. Do it now. For after living eighty years no mourning or tears are needed for me."".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni activeYearsEndDate "1907-12-21".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni activeYearsEndDate "1909-04-29".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni activeYearsEndDate "1909-10-06".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni activeYearsEndDate "1912-12-23".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni activeYearsStartDate "1907-09-13".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni activeYearsStartDate "1908-06-07".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni activeYearsStartDate "1909-07-16".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni activeYearsStartDate "1911-07-26".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni birthDate "1867".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni birthPlace Iran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni birthPlace Tonekabon.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni birthYear "1867".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni deathDate "1948".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni deathPlace Iran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni deathPlace Tehran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni deathYear "1948".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni monarch Ahmad_Shah_Qajar.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni monarch Mohammad_Ali_Shah_Qajar.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni orderInOffice "Prime Minister of Iran".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni party Persian_Constitutional_Revolution.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni religion Twelver.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni successor Hossein_Mafi.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni successor Kamran_Mirza_Nayeb_es-Saltaneh.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni successor Saad_ad-Daula.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni successor Vosough_od-Dowleh.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni thumbnail Sepahsalar-e_Azam-e_Tonekaboni.jpg?width=300.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni wikiPageID "21702643".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni wikiPageRevisionID "602871526".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni birthDate "1846".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni birthPlace Iran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni birthPlace Tonekabon.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni dateOfBirth "1867".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni dateOfDeath "1948".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni deathDate "1926".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni deathPlace Iran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni deathPlace Tehran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni hasPhotoCollection Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni monarch Ahmad_Shah_Qajar.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni monarch Mohammad_Ali_Shah_Qajar.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni monarch "Ahmad Shah Qajar".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni monarch "Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni name "Sepahsalar-e Tonekaboni".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni name "Tonekaboni, Mohammad-Vali Khan".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni order Prime_Minister_of_Iran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni party Persian_Constitutional_Revolution.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni placeOfBirth Iran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni placeOfBirth Tonekabon.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni placeOfDeath Iran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni placeOfDeath Tehran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni predecessor Mirza_Nasrullah_Khan.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni predecessor Saad_ad-Daula.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni predecessor Vosough_od-Dowleh.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni predecessor Morteza_Hedayat.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni religion Shia_Islam.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni religion Twelver.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni shortDescription "Prime minister and General".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni successor Hossein_Mafi.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni successor Kamran_Mirza_Nayeb_es-Saltaneh.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni successor Saad_ad-Daula.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni successor Vosough_od-Dowleh.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni termEnd "1907-12-21".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni termEnd "1909-04-29".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni termEnd "1909-10-06".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni termEnd "1912-12-23".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni termStart "1907-09-13".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni termStart "1908-06-07".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni termStart "1909-07-16".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni termStart "1911-07-26".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni title Prime_Minister_of_Iran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni years "1907".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni years "1909".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni years "1911".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni description "Prime minister and General".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni description "Prime minister and General".
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni subject Category:1846_births.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni subject Category:1926_deaths.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni subject Category:19th-century_Iranian_people.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni subject Category:20th-century_Iranian_people.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni subject Category:Constitutionalist_Party_of_Iran_politicians.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni subject Category:Iranian_politicians_who_committed_suicide.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni subject Category:People_of_the_Persian_Constitutional_Revolution.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni subject Category:Prime_Ministers_of_Iran.
- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni type Administrator109770949.
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- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni type Communicator109610660.
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- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni type IranianPoliticiansWhoCommittedSuicide.
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- Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni type Organism100004475.
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