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- Mongol_Empire abstract "The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Mongol-yn Ezent Güren About this sound listen ; Mongolian Cyrillic: Монголын эзэнт гүрэн; also Орда ("Horde") in Russian chronicles), which existed during the 13th and 14th centuries, was one of the largest contiguous land empires in history. Beginning in the Central Asian steppes, it eventually stretched from Central Europe to the Sea of Japan, extending northwards into Siberia, eastwards and southwards into the Indian subcontinent, Indochina and the Iranian plateau and westwards as far as the Levant and Arabia.The empire was the result of the unification of Mongol and Turkic tribes of historical Mongolia under the leadership of Genghis Khan, who was proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206. The empire grew rapidly under his rule and then under the rule of his descendants, who sent invasions in every direction. The vast transcontinental empire which connected the east with the west with an enforced Pax Mongolica allowed trade, technologies, commodities and ideologies to be disseminated and exchanged across Eurasia.The empire began to split as a result of wars over succession, as the grandchildren of Genghis Khan disputed whether the royal line should follow from Genghis's son and initial heir Ögedei, or one of his other sons such as Tolui, Chagatai, or Jochi. The Toluids prevailed after a bloody purge of Ögedeid and Chagataid factions, but disputes continued even among the descendants of Tolui. After Möngke Khan died, rival kurultai councils would simultaneously elect different successors, the brothers Ariq Böke and Kublai, who then not only fought each other in the Toluid Civil War, but also dealt with challenges from descendants of other of Genghis's sons. Kublai successfully took power, but civil war ensued, as Kublai sought, unsuccessfully, to regain control of the Chagatayid and Ögedeid families.The Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260 marked the high-water point of Mongol conquests, and was the first time a Mongol advance had ever been beaten back in direct combat on the battlefield. Though the Mongols launched many more invasions into Levant, briefly occupying it and raiding as far as Gaza after a decisive victory at the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar in 1299, they withdrew due to various geopolitical factors.By the time of Kublai's death in 1294, the Mongol Empire had fractured into four separate khanates or empires, each pursuing its own separate interests and objectives: the Golden Horde khanate in the northwest, the Chagatai Khanate in the west, the Ilkhanate in the southwest, and the Yuan Dynasty based in modern-day Beijing. In 1304, the three western khanates briefly accepted the nominal suzerainty of the Yuan Dynasty, but when it was overthrown by the Han Chinese Ming Dynasty in 1368, the Mongol Empire finally dissolved.".
- Mongol_Empire capital Avarga.
- Mongol_Empire capital Karakorum.
- Mongol_Empire dissolutionYear "1368".
- Mongol_Empire foundingYear "1206".
- Mongol_Empire governmentType Elective_monarchy.
- Mongol_Empire thumbnail Flag_of_the_Mongol_Empire_2.svg?width=300.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink mongols.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink download.php?Number=758258.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink rubruck.html.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink mogolempire.htm.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink Mongol.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink index.cgi?board=board18&action=print&thread=1167258099.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink intro.html.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink index.php?q=The_Mongol_Empire.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink h11mon.htm.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageExternalLink Mongols.htm.
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageID "240146".
- Mongol_Empire wikiPageRevisionID "606684040".
- Mongol_Empire capital "Avarga Karakorum ".
- Mongol_Empire caption "Expansion of the Mongol Empire 1206–1294.".
- Mongol_Empire commonLanguages Chinese_language.
- Mongol_Empire commonLanguages Iranian_languages.
- Mongol_Empire commonLanguages Mongolian_language.
- Mongol_Empire commonLanguages Turkic_languages.
- Mongol_Empire commonName "Mongol Empire".
- Mongol_Empire continent "Eurasia".
- Mongol_Empire conventionalLongName "Mongol Empire".
- Mongol_Empire country "Great Eurasian Steppe, modern Mongolia".
- Mongol_Empire currency "Various ".
- Mongol_Empire dateEvent "1210".
- Mongol_Empire dateEvent "1227".
- Mongol_Empire dateEvent "1260".
- Mongol_Empire datePost "1687".
- Mongol_Empire event "Death of Genghis Khan".
- Mongol_Empire event "Empire fragments".
- Mongol_Empire event "Pax Mongolica".
- Mongol_Empire eventEnd "Fall of Yuan dynasty".
- Mongol_Empire flag "Flag of the Mongols".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "Abbasids850.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "Alamut.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "Asia 1200ad.jpg".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "China 11b.jpg".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "KaraKhitaiAD1200.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "Khwarezmian Empire 1190 - 1220 .PNG".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "Kievan-rus-1015-1113-.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "Song-Liao-Xixia-1111.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "State of Cuman-Kipchak tr.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "Sung Dynasty 1141.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "VolgaBulgaria1200.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagP "Қимақтар.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagS "ChagataiKhanate1300.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagS "GoldenHorde1300.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagS "Ilkhanate in 1256–1353.PNG".
- Mongol_Empire flagS "TimuridEmpire1400.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagS "Yuan_Dynasty_1294.png".
- Mongol_Empire flagType "Modern reconstruction of the Nine Base White Banners".
- Mongol_Empire governmentType Elective_monarchy.
- Mongol_Empire hasPhotoCollection Mongol_Empire.
- Mongol_Empire imageFlag "Flag of the Mongol Empire 2.svg".
- Mongol_Empire imageMap "Mongol Empire map.gif".
- Mongol_Empire leader Toghan_Temür.
- Mongol_Empire leader "Genghis Khan".
- Mongol_Empire leader "Güyük Khan".
- Mongol_Empire leader "Kublai Khan".
- Mongol_Empire leader "Möngke Khan".
- Mongol_Empire leader "Ögedei Khan".
- Mongol_Empire legislature "Kurultai".
- Mongol_Empire nativeName "Ikh Mongol Uls".
- Mongol_Empire p "Abbasid Caliphate".
- Mongol_Empire p "Alania".
- Mongol_Empire p "Cumania".
- Mongol_Empire p "Jīn Dynasty".
- Mongol_Empire p "Kara-Khitan Khanate".
- Mongol_Empire p "Khamag Mongol".
- Mongol_Empire p "Khwarazmian Empire".
- Mongol_Empire p "Kievan Rus'".
- Mongol_Empire p "Kimek Khanate".
- Mongol_Empire p "Kingdom of Dali".
- Mongol_Empire p "Nizari Ismaili state".
- Mongol_Empire p "Song Dynasty".
- Mongol_Empire p "Tatar confederation".
- Mongol_Empire p "Volga Bulgaria".
- Mongol_Empire p "Western Xia".
- Mongol_Empire religion Buddhism.
- Mongol_Empire religion Christianity.
- Mongol_Empire religion Islam.
- Mongol_Empire religion Tengrism.
- Mongol_Empire s "Chagatai Khanate".
- Mongol_Empire s "Golden Horde".
- Mongol_Empire s "Ilkhanate".
- Mongol_Empire s "Northern Yuan".
- Mongol_Empire s "Timurid dynasty".
- Mongol_Empire s "Yuan Dynasty".
- Mongol_Empire status "Empire".
- Mongol_Empire titleLeader Khagan.
- Mongol_Empire yearEnd "1368".
- Mongol_Empire yearLeader "1206".
- Mongol_Empire yearLeader "1229".