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- Muammar_Gaddafi abstract "Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (/ˈmoʊ.əmɑr ɡəˈdɑːfi/; Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي About this sound audio ) (c. 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi, was a Libyan revolutionary and politician, and the de facto ruler of Libya for 42 years. Taking power in a 1969 coup d'etat, he ruled as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the "Brother Leader" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011, when he was ousted in the Libyan civil war. After beginning as an Arab nationalist and Arab socialist, he later governed the country according to his own ideology, the Third International Theory. He eventually embraced Pan-Africanism, and served as Chairperson of the African Union from 2009 to 2010.The son of an impoverished Bedouin goatherder, Gaddafi became involved in politics while at school in Sabha, subsequently enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Founding a revolutionary cell within the military, in 1969 they seized power from King Idris in a bloodless coup. Becoming Chairman of the governing Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), he dissolved the monarchy and proclaimed the Republic. Ruling by decree, he implemented measures to remove what he viewed as foreign imperialist influence from Libya, and strengthened ties to Arab nationalist governments. Intent on pushing Libya toward "Islamic socialism", he introduced sharia as the basis for the legal system and nationalized the oil industry, using the increased revenues to bolster the military, implement social programs and fund revolutionary militants across the world. In 1973 he initiated a "Popular Revolution" with the formation of General People's Committees (GPCs), a system of direct democracy, but retained personal control over major decisions. He outlined his Third International Theory that year, publishing these ideas in The Green Book.In 1977, he dissolved the Republic and created the Jamahiriya, a "state of the masses" part-governed by GPCs. Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. From 1999, Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization, pan-African integration, and sought better relations with the West. In 2011, an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in civil war. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, resulting in the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.Gaddafi was a controversial and highly divisive world figure. Supporters lauded his anti-imperialist stance and his support for pan-Africanism and pan-Arabism, and he was decorated with various awards. Conversely, he was internationally condemned as a dictator and autocrat whose authoritarian administration violated the human rights of Libyan citizens and supported international terrorism.".
- Muammar_Gaddafi activeYearsEndDate "1972-07-16".
- Muammar_Gaddafi activeYearsEndDate "1977-03-02".
- Muammar_Gaddafi activeYearsEndDate "1979-03-02".
- Muammar_Gaddafi activeYearsEndDate "2010-01-31".
- Muammar_Gaddafi activeYearsStartDate "1969-09-01".
- Muammar_Gaddafi activeYearsStartDate "1970-01-16".
- Muammar_Gaddafi activeYearsStartDate "1977-03-02".
- Muammar_Gaddafi activeYearsStartDate "2009-02-02".
- Muammar_Gaddafi alias "Colonel Gaddafi".
- Muammar_Gaddafi almaMater Benghazi_Military_University_Academy.
- Muammar_Gaddafi almaMater University_of_Libya.
- Muammar_Gaddafi battle 1969_Libyan_coup_d'%C3%A9tat.
- Muammar_Gaddafi battle 1986_United_States_bombing_of_Libya.
- Muammar_Gaddafi battle Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_conflict.
- Muammar_Gaddafi battle Libyan%E2%80%93Egyptian_War.
- Muammar_Gaddafi battle Libyan_Civil_War.
- Muammar_Gaddafi battle Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War.
- Muammar_Gaddafi birthDate "1942".
- Muammar_Gaddafi birthPlace Italian_Libya.
- Muammar_Gaddafi birthPlace Qasr_Abu_Hadi.
- Muammar_Gaddafi birthPlace Sirte.
- Muammar_Gaddafi birthYear "1942".
- Muammar_Gaddafi country History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi.
- Muammar_Gaddafi country Kingdom_of_Libya.
- Muammar_Gaddafi deathDate "2011-10-20".
- Muammar_Gaddafi deathPlace Libya.
- Muammar_Gaddafi deathPlace Sirte.
- Muammar_Gaddafi deathYear "2011".
- Muammar_Gaddafi lccnId "n/81/68638".
- Muammar_Gaddafi militaryBranch Libyan_Army_(1951%E2%80%932011).
- Muammar_Gaddafi militaryCommand "Libyan Armed Forces".
- Muammar_Gaddafi militaryRank Colonel.
- Muammar_Gaddafi office "Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of Libya".
- Muammar_Gaddafi office "Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya".
- Muammar_Gaddafi office "Chairperson of the African Union".
- Muammar_Gaddafi office "Prime Minister of Libya".
- Muammar_Gaddafi office "Secretary General of the General People's Congress".
- Muammar_Gaddafi party Independent_(politician).
- Muammar_Gaddafi party Libyan_Arab_Socialist_Union.
- Muammar_Gaddafi primeMinister Abdessalam_Jalloud.
- Muammar_Gaddafi primeMinister Abdul_Ati_al-Obeidi.
- Muammar_Gaddafi primeMinister Mahmud_Sulayman_al-Maghribi.
- Muammar_Gaddafi religion Sunni_Islam.
- Muammar_Gaddafi serviceEndYear "2011".
- Muammar_Gaddafi serviceStartYear "1961".
- Muammar_Gaddafi spouse Safia_Farkash.
- Muammar_Gaddafi successor Abdessalam_Jalloud.
- Muammar_Gaddafi successor Abdul_Ati_al-Obeidi.
- Muammar_Gaddafi successor Bingu_wa_Mutharika.
- Muammar_Gaddafi successor Mustafa_Abdul_Jalil.
- Muammar_Gaddafi termPeriod Muammar_Gaddafi__1.
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- Muammar_Gaddafi thumbnail Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg?width=300.
- Muammar_Gaddafi viafId "22147434".
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- Muammar_Gaddafi wikiPageExternalLink death-dictator-0.
- Muammar_Gaddafi wikiPageID "53029".
- Muammar_Gaddafi wikiPageRevisionID "605282697".
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