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- North-West_Mounted_Police abstract "The North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) was a Canadian police force. It was established in 1873, and in 1904 the name was changed to Royal Northwest Mounted Police, it merged with the Dominion Police to become the current Royal Canadian Mounted Police.Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald first began planning a permanent force to patrol the Northwest Territories after the Dominion of Canada purchased the territory from the Hudson's Bay Company. Reports from Army officers surveying the territory led to the recommendation that a force of 100 to 150 mounted riflemen could maintain law and order. The Prime Minister first announced the force as the North West Mounted Rifles but concern from the United States of America fearing a military build up led the Prime Minister to rename the force the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) when formed in 1873.The police was established by an act of legislation from the Temporary North-West Council the first territorial government of the Northwest Territories. The Act was approved by the Government of Canada and established on May 23, 1873, by Queen Victoria, on the advice of her Canadian Prime Minister, John A. Macdonald, with the intent of bringing law and order to, and asserting sovereignty over, the Northwest Territories. The need was particularly urgent given reports of American whiskey traders, in particular those of Fort Whoop-Up, causing trouble in the region, culminating in the Cypress Hills Massacre. The new force was initially to be called the North West Mounted Rifles, but this proposal was rejected as sounding too militaristic in nature, which Macdonald feared would antagonize both aboriginals and Americans; however, the force was organized along the lines of a cavalry regiment in the British Army, and was to wear red uniforms.The NWMP was modelled directly on the Royal Irish Constabulary (R.I.C.), a civilian paramilitary armed police force with both mounted and foot elements under the authority of what was then the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. First NWMP commissioner, Colonel George Arthur French was a British artillery officer who was born in Co. Roscommon, Ireland, and would have been familiar the R.I.C. While the model of the Royal Irish Constabulary was influential in some respects (notably in designating ranks) British army traditions were strong. The Governor General explained that, "though nominally policemen, the men will be dressed in scarlet uniform and possess all the characteristics of a military force." However, the original idea was not forgotten. Assistant Commissioner A.G. Irvine visited Dublin to study the Constabulary in early 1880. When he became Commissioner in November of that year he began to apply the lessons he had learned there. The initial force, commanded by Commissioner French, was assembled at Fort Dufferin, Manitoba. Most had departed Toronto June 6, 1874 via Chicago by special train. Special arrangements were made with the US to travel with guns and uniforms packed. They then departed Fort Dufferin on July 8, 1874, on a march to what is now Alberta.The group comprised 22 officers, 287 men – called constables and sub-constables – 310 horses, 67 wagons, 114 ox-carts, 18 yoke of oxen, 50 cows and 40 calves. A pictorial account of the journey was recorded in the diary of Henri Julien, an artist from the Canadian Illustrated News, who accompanied the expedition.Their destination was Fort Whoop-Up, a notorious whisky trading post located at the junction of the Belly and Oldman Rivers. Upon arrival at Whoop-Up and finding it abandoned the troop continued a few miles west and established headquarters on an island in the Oldman, naming it Fort Macleod.Historians have theorized that failure of the 1874 March West would not have completely ended the Canadian federal government's vision of settling the country's western plains, but could have delayed it for many years.[citation needed] It could also have encouraged the Canadian Pacific Railway to seek a more northerly route for its transcontinental railway that went through the well-mapped and partially settled valley of the North Saskatchewan River, touching on Prince Albert, Battleford and Edmonton, and through the Yellowhead Pass, as originally proposed by Sandford Fleming. This would have offered no economic justification for the existence of cities like Brandon, Regina, Moose Jaw, Swift Current, Medicine Hat, and Calgary, which could, in turn, have tempted American expansionists to make a play for the flat, empty southern regions of the Canadian prairies.The NWMP's early activities included containing the whisky trade and enforcing agreements with the First Nations peoples; to that end, the commanding officer of the force arranged to be sworn in as a justice of the peace, which allowed for magisterial authority within the Mounties' jurisdiction. In the early years, the force's dedication to enforcing the law on behalf of the First Nations peoples impressed the latter enough to encourage good relations between them and the Crown. In the summer of 1876, Sitting Bull and thousands of Sioux fled from the US Army towards what is now southern Saskatchewan, and James Morrow Walsh of the NWMP was charged with maintaining control in the large Sioux settlement at Wood Mountain. Walsh and Sitting Bull became good friends, and the peace at Wood Mountain was maintained. By 1879, bands of Sioux began to return to the United States, but Sitting Bull and others remained. The government believed that Walsh's relationship with Sitting Bull was encouraging him to remain in Canada. Walsh was replaced by Superintendent L.N.F. (Paddy) Crozier, who warned Sitting Bull that the government would no longer supply them with food. Facing the prospect of starvation, Spotted Eagle and 65 lodges returned to the United States. Sitting Bull finally surrendered to the U.S. Army at Fort Buford in July, 1881 after a winter of starvation. In 1885, the NWMP helped to quell the North-West Rebellion led by Louis Riel. They suffered particularly heavy losses during the Battle of Duck Lake, but saw little other active combat.".
- North-West_Mounted_Police thumbnail Single-Handed,_Charles_Marion_Russell_1912.jpg?width=300.
- North-West_Mounted_Police wikiPageExternalLink 08-grad-eng.asp.
- North-West_Mounted_Police wikiPageExternalLink nwmp.htm.
- North-West_Mounted_Police wikiPageExternalLink www.mounted-police.00books.com.
- North-West_Mounted_Police wikiPageExternalLink days-of-whiskey-gap.
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- North-West_Mounted_Police subject Category:1873_establishments_in_Canada.
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- North-West_Mounted_Police subject Category:Gendarmerie.
- North-West_Mounted_Police subject Category:Legal_history_of_Canada.
- North-West_Mounted_Police subject Category:Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police.
- North-West_Mounted_Police subject Category:Uniformed_services_of_Canada.
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- North-West_Mounted_Police comment "The North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) was a Canadian police force. It was established in 1873, and in 1904 the name was changed to Royal Northwest Mounted Police, it merged with the Dominion Police to become the current Royal Canadian Mounted Police.Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald first began planning a permanent force to patrol the Northwest Territories after the Dominion of Canada purchased the territory from the Hudson's Bay Company.".
- North-West_Mounted_Police label "North-West Mounted Police".
- North-West_Mounted_Police label "Police montée du Nord-Ouest".
- North-West_Mounted_Police label "Polizia a cavallo del Nord Ovest".
- North-West_Mounted_Police label "Północno-Zachodnia Policja Konna".
- North-West_Mounted_Police label "Северо-Западная конная полиция".
- North-West_Mounted_Police sameAs Královská_severozápadní_jízdní_policie.
- North-West_Mounted_Police sameAs Police_montée_du_Nord-Ouest.
- North-West_Mounted_Police sameAs Polizia_a_cavallo_del_Nord_Ovest.
- North-West_Mounted_Police sameAs Północno-Zachodnia_Policja_Konna.
- North-West_Mounted_Police sameAs m.0hr89yx.
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- North-West_Mounted_Police sameAs Q2506428.
- North-West_Mounted_Police sameAs North-West_Mounted_Police.
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- North-West_Mounted_Police depiction Single-Handed,_Charles_Marion_Russell_1912.jpg.
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