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- Nuclear_option abstract "The nuclear or constitutional option, is a parliamentary procedure that allows the U.S. Senate to override a rule or precedent by majority vote. The presiding officer of the United States Senate rules that the validity of a Senate rule or precedent is a constitutional question. He immediately puts the issue to the full Senate, which decides by majority vote. The procedure thus allows the Senate to decide any issue by majority vote, even though the rules of the Senate specify that ending a filibuster requires the consent of 60 senators (out of 100) for legislation, 67 for amending a Senate rule. The name is an analogy to nuclear weapons being the most extreme option in warfare.In 1917, a threat to use what is now known as the nuclear option resulted in reform of the Senate's filibuster rules. An opinion written by Vice President Richard Nixon in 1957 concluded that the U.S. Constitution grants the presiding officer the authority to override Senate rules. The option was used to make further rule changes in 1975. In November 2013, Senate Democrats used the nuclear option to eliminate filibusters on executive branch nominations and federal judicial appointments other than those to the Supreme Court.Before November 2013, Senate rules required a three-fifths vote of the "duly chosen and sworn" members of the Senate – (usually 60 votes) to end debate on a bill, nomination or other proposal; they also require a two-thirds vote ("present and voting" – 67 or fewer votes) for a change to the Senate rules. Those rules effectively allowed a minority of the Senate to block a bill or nomination through the technique of the filibuster. This had resulted in a de facto requirement that a nomination have the support of 60 Senators to pass, rather than a majority of 51. A three-fifths vote is still required to end debates on legislation and Supreme Court nominations.In most proposed variations of the nuclear option, the presiding officer would rule that a simple majority vote is sufficient to end debate. If the ruling is challenged, a majority would be required to overturn it. If the ruling is upheld, it becomes a precedent. This would end what had effectively become a 60-vote requirement for confirmation of an executive or judicial nominee, or the passage of legislation.".
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink 2005315B18.html.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink papers.cfm?abstract_id=896421.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink reid.senate.gov.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink Apr2505ConstOptSD.pdf.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutCommittee.CommitteeHistory.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink 20050506.html.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink b672587.html.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink details.cfm?id=29593.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink 0305-29.htm.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink pre20th_rules.htm.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink www.independentjudiciary.org.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink Gold_Gupta_JLPP_article.pdf.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink nuclear.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink savetherepublic.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink benchmemos.asp.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink 0,8599,423312,00.html.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink A45149-2005Mar17.html.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink 20050321-090719-9704r.htm.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageExternalLink 20050724-123439-8929r.htm.
- Nuclear_option wikiPageID "1612372".
- Nuclear_option wikiPageRevisionID "606246829".
- Nuclear_option hasPhotoCollection Nuclear_option.
- Nuclear_option subject Category:2005_in_American_politics.
- Nuclear_option subject Category:Filibuster.
- Nuclear_option subject Category:Parliamentary_procedure.
- Nuclear_option subject Category:Terminology_of_the_United_States_Senate.
- Nuclear_option comment "The nuclear or constitutional option, is a parliamentary procedure that allows the U.S. Senate to override a rule or precedent by majority vote. The presiding officer of the United States Senate rules that the validity of a Senate rule or precedent is a constitutional question. He immediately puts the issue to the full Senate, which decides by majority vote.".
- Nuclear_option label "Nuclear option".
- Nuclear_option sameAs m.05gm1x.
- Nuclear_option sameAs Q7068154.
- Nuclear_option sameAs Q7068154.
- Nuclear_option wasDerivedFrom Nuclear_option?oldid=606246829.
- Nuclear_option isPrimaryTopicOf Nuclear_option.