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- Operation_Grapple abstract "Operation Grapple, and operations Grapple X, Grapple Y and Grapple Z, were the names of British nuclear weapons tests of very-early hydrogen bombs. These tests were carried out from 1956 until 1958 at Malden Island and Christmas Island in the Central Pacific Ocean. Nine nuclear explosions were executed during these series of nuclear weapon tests, culminating in the United Kingdom's becoming the third recognized possessor of thermonuclear weapons.All of these nuclear bombs were exploded high in the atmosphere, rather than being detonated on the ground, in order to reduce the production of nuclear fallout.The unproven H-bomb designs being developed by British weaponeers required full-scale testing of their capabilities, hence Operation Grapple was carried out as a massive military operation in the Central Pacific, and this the largest British military operation carried out since World War II. The preparations for Operation Grapple, including building the necessary structures on Kiritimati, began at the end of May 1956. About 1,200 civilians and servicemen were sent to Kiritimati during 1956.The first deliveries to Kiritimati were made by the troopship Devonshire, which steamed to the Central Pacific from East Asia and took construction troops aboard at Fiji. These men had flown there from the U.K. on commercial airliners. The first project on Kiritimati, which was finished in October, was to rebuild the main runway at the airport . The majority of troops and civilians were then flown in from the U.K., via Canada and Hawaii, in chartered airliners. The original troops began to be flown out in mid-1957.While Kiritimati was the main base, three other islands supported Operation Grapple. The area around Malden Island, located about 330 kilometers south of Kiritimati, was to be the site for the bomber-dropped tests, and Penrhyn Island, 320 kilometers farther south was used as a technical monitoring site and as a weather station. Air deliveries of cargo for Operation Grapple were generally sent via Hickam Air Force Base (of the U.S. Air Force) in the American Territory of Hawaii, where a transport group of the Royal Air Force was assigned.Seaborne supplies for Operation Grapple were usually shipped via Australia or New Zealand, using freighters of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA). The British Royal Navy built a seawater processing plant on Kiritimati early during Operation Grapple, and this which provided freshwater for drinking and cooking, and semi-saline water for bathing.".
- Operation_Grapple thumbnail OperationGrappleXmasIslandHbomb.jpg?width=300.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink uk.html.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink www.atomicforum.org.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink www.bntva.com.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink index.htm.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink BigBang.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink 274bf93c2d23453387fc4275b786b099.htm.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink 21204h01.htm.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink vickers-valiant-b1.cfm.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink www.sonicbomb.com.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageExternalLink modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=111.
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageID "441642".
- Operation_Grapple wikiPageRevisionID "603691542".
- Operation_Grapple country "United Kingdom".
- Operation_Grapple hasPhotoCollection Operation_Grapple.
- Operation_Grapple name "Operation Grapple".
- Operation_Grapple nextSeries Operation_Vixen.
- Operation_Grapple numberOfTests "9".
- Operation_Grapple period "1957".
- Operation_Grapple picture "OperationGrappleXmasIslandHbomb.jpg".
- Operation_Grapple pictureDescription "First British H-bomb test - Operation Grapple X Round C1, which took place over Kiritimati.".
- Operation_Grapple previousSeries British_nuclear_tests_at_Maralinga.
- Operation_Grapple testSite "Kiritimati , Line Islands; Malden Island, Line Islands".
- Operation_Grapple testType "air drop, balloon".
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:1950s_in_the_United_Kingdom.
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:1956_in_military_history.
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:1956_in_the_United_Kingdom.
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:1957_in_military_history.
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:1957_in_the_United_Kingdom.
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:1958_in_military_history.
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:1958_in_the_United_Kingdom.
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:20th-century_military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom.
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:British_nuclear_weapons_testing.
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:Nuclear_history_of_the_United_Kingdom.
- Operation_Grapple subject Category:Nuclear_weapons_programme_of_the_United_Kingdom.
- Operation_Grapple type Abstraction100002137.
- Operation_Grapple type BritishNuclearExplosiveTests.
- Operation_Grapple type Cognition100023271.
- Operation_Grapple type Experiment105798043.
- Operation_Grapple type HigherCognitiveProcess105770664.
- Operation_Grapple type Inquiry105797597.
- Operation_Grapple type ProblemSolving105796750.
- Operation_Grapple type Process105701363.
- Operation_Grapple type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Operation_Grapple type Thinking105770926.
- Operation_Grapple type Trial105799212.
- Operation_Grapple type Event.
- Operation_Grapple type MilitaryConflict.
- Operation_Grapple type SocietalEvent.
- Operation_Grapple type Event.
- Operation_Grapple type Event.
- Operation_Grapple type Thing.
- Operation_Grapple comment "Operation Grapple, and operations Grapple X, Grapple Y and Grapple Z, were the names of British nuclear weapons tests of very-early hydrogen bombs. These tests were carried out from 1956 until 1958 at Malden Island and Christmas Island in the Central Pacific Ocean.".
- Operation_Grapple label "Grapple Y".
- Operation_Grapple label "Operation Grapple".
- Operation_Grapple sameAs Grapple_Y.
- Operation_Grapple sameAs m.028yx4.
- Operation_Grapple sameAs Q3293979.
- Operation_Grapple sameAs Q3293979.
- Operation_Grapple sameAs Operation_Grapple.
- Operation_Grapple wasDerivedFrom Operation_Grapple?oldid=603691542.
- Operation_Grapple depiction OperationGrappleXmasIslandHbomb.jpg.
- Operation_Grapple isPrimaryTopicOf Operation_Grapple.