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- Orthotropic_deck abstract "An orthotropic bridge or orthotropic deck is one whose deck typically comprises a structural steel deck plate stiffened either longitudinally or transversely, or in both directions. This allows the deck both to directly bear vehicular loads and to contribute to the bridge structure's overall load-bearing behaviour. The orthotropic deck may be integral with or supported on a grid of deck framing members such as floor beams and girders.The same is also true of the concrete slab in a composite girder bridge, but the steel orthotropic deck is considerably lighter, and therefore allows longer span bridges to be more efficiently designed.The stiffening elements can serve several functions simultaneously. They enhance the bending resistance of the plate to allow it to carry local wheel loads and distribute those loads to main girders. They also increase the total cross-sectional area of steel in the plate, which can increase its contribution to the overall bending capacity of the deck (i.e. the deck plate acts as a top flange in a box or I beam girder). Finally, the stiffeners increase the resistance of the plate to buckling.A German Engineer Dr. Cornelis of MAN Corporation was issued German patent No. 847014 in 1948. MAN's design manual was published in 1957 in German. In 1963 AISC published their manual based on North American design practices today called AASHTO.Some very large cable-supported bridges, plus current record span (cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges) would not be feasible without steel orthotropic decks. The longest or record span box girder, slant-leg bridges; arch bridges; movable bridges and two Norwegian floating bridges. (The steel deck-plate-and-ribs system may be idealized for analytical purposes as an orthogonal-anisotropic plate, hence the abbreviated designation “orthotropic.”) Thousands of orthotropic deck bridges are in existence throughout the world. Despite the savings and advantages (up to 25% of total bridge mass can be saved by reducing deck weight, as the weight reductions extend to cables, towers, piers, anchorages, and so forth), the US has only about 60 such bridge decks in use as of late 2005. About 25% of USA Orthotropic Steel Deck Bridges are in California, including the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge box girder(1967) one of the first major bridges in the US to be built using an orthotropic deck. Three "basic types"; movable bridges, are the swing bridge, vertical lift bridge and bascule bridge. The El Ferdan Railway Bridge across the Suez Canal of Egypt is the record span bridge. The Erasmus Bridge has an orthotropic deck for both its cable-stayed bridge and bascule span. The Danziger Bridge of New Orleans is a very large vertical lift bridge.The Millau Viaduct a cable-stayed bridge of Millau, France has the largest orthotropic steel deck area of any single bridge. The lower total gross weight of the superstructure allowed bridge launching from both ends of the Millau Viaduct.The Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge's orthotropic deck allowed the Japanese to build the longest span at about 6000 ft or 50% longer than the Golden Gate Bridge. The Italian Government is proposing to build a Messina Suspension Bridge 10,000 ft at the Strait of Messina between the Island of Sicily and ItalyOrthotropic decks permit a very shallow deck depth which reduces the steepness of approach gradients and hence their costs. The form is also widely used on bascule and other moveable bridges where significant savings in the cost of the mechanical elements can be made where a lighter deck is used.The unpopularity of the orthotropic deck relates mainly to its cost of fabrication, due to the amount of welding involved. In addition, it must be prefabricated rather than assembled on site, which offers less flexibility than in-situ concrete decks. Orthotropic decks have been prone to fatigue problems and to delamination of the wearing surface, which, like the deck, is also often of a very thin material to reduce weight.It is possible to refit a bridge originally designed with a concrete or non-structural deck to use an orthotropic deck, which was first utilized in Vancouver Canada's Lions Gate Bridge. For example, San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge, completed in 1937, originally used a concrete deck. Salt carried by fog or mist reached the rebar, causing corrosion and concrete spalling. In 1985, the bridge was restored using steel deck panels. The project not only restored the bridge to prime condition but also used fewer materials and reduced the deck weight by 12,300 tons (11,160 metric tons).".
- Orthotropic_deck thumbnail US_DOT_Orthotropic_Deck_Fabrication.jpg?width=300.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink 3D2.pdf.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink Severn.htm.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink journalDetail.jsp?jcode=cjce&lang=eng.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink design-orthotropic-bridges.html.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink epoxy.html.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink www.crcpress.com.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink automate.htm.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink www.orthotropic-bridge.org.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink www.orthotropic-bridge.org.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink USA.htm.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink 06.htm.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageExternalLink 3D.php.
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageID "3584951".
- Orthotropic_deck wikiPageRevisionID "566364840".
- Orthotropic_deck hasPhotoCollection Orthotropic_deck.
- Orthotropic_deck subject Category:Bridges.
- Orthotropic_deck type Artifact100021939.
- Orthotropic_deck type Bridge102898711.
- Orthotropic_deck type Bridges.
- Orthotropic_deck type Object100002684.
- Orthotropic_deck type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Orthotropic_deck type Structure104341686.
- Orthotropic_deck type Whole100003553.
- Orthotropic_deck type YagoGeoEntity.
- Orthotropic_deck type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Orthotropic_deck comment "An orthotropic bridge or orthotropic deck is one whose deck typically comprises a structural steel deck plate stiffened either longitudinally or transversely, or in both directions. This allows the deck both to directly bear vehicular loads and to contribute to the bridge structure's overall load-bearing behaviour.".
- Orthotropic_deck label "Orthotrope Platte".
- Orthotropic_deck label "Orthotropic deck".
- Orthotropic_deck label "Pont à tablier en dalle orthotrope".
- Orthotropic_deck sameAs Orthotrope_Platte.
- Orthotropic_deck sameAs Pont_à_tablier_en_dalle_orthotrope.
- Orthotropic_deck sameAs m.09n3l_.
- Orthotropic_deck sameAs Q3397667.
- Orthotropic_deck sameAs Q3397667.
- Orthotropic_deck sameAs Orthotropic_deck.
- Orthotropic_deck wasDerivedFrom Orthotropic_deck?oldid=566364840.
- Orthotropic_deck depiction US_DOT_Orthotropic_Deck_Fabrication.jpg.
- Orthotropic_deck isPrimaryTopicOf Orthotropic_deck.