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- Pedro_II_of_Brazil abstract "Dom Pedro II (English: Peter II; 2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza. His father's abrupt abdication and flight to Europe in 1831 left a five-year-old Pedro II as Emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence. Obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule, he knew only brief moments of happiness and encountered few friends of his age. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character. Pedro II grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people. On the other hand, he increasingly resented his role as monarch.Inheriting an Empire on the verge of disintegration, Pedro II turned Portuguese-speaking Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. The nation grew to be distinguished from its Hispanic neighbors on account of its political stability, zealously guarded freedom of speech, respect for civil rights, vibrant economic growth and especially for its form of government: a functional, representative parliamentary monarchy. Brazil was also victorious in three international conflicts (the Platine War, the Uruguayan War and the Paraguayan War) under his rule, as well as prevailing in several other international disputes and domestic tensions. Pedro II steadfastly pushed through the abolition of slavery despite opposition from powerful political and economic interests. A savant in his own right, the Emperor established a reputation as a vigorous sponsor of learning, culture and the sciences. He won the respect and admiration of scholars such as Charles Darwin, Victor Hugo and Friedrich Nietzsche, and was a friend to Richard Wagner, Louis Pasteur and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, among others.Although there was no desire for a change in the form of government among most Brazilians, the Emperor was overthrown in a sudden coup d'état that had almost no support outside a clique of military leaders who desired a form of republic headed by a dictator. Pedro II had become weary of emperorship and despaired over the monarchy's future prospects, despite its overwhelming popular support. He allowed no prevention of his ouster and did not support any attempt to restore the monarchy. He spent the last two years of his life in exile in Europe, living alone on very little money.The reign of Pedro II thus came to an unusual end—he was overthrown while highly regarded by the people and at the pinnacle of his popularity, and some of his accomplishments were soon brought to naught as Brazil slipped into a long period of weak governments, dictatorships, and constitutional and economic crises. The men who had exiled him soon began to see in him a model for the Brazilian republic. A few decades after his death, his reputation was restored and his remains were returned to Brazil with celebrations nationwide. Historians have regarded the Emperor in an extremely positive light and several have ranked him as the greatest Brazilian.".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil activeYearsEndYear "1889".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil activeYearsStartYear "1831".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil alias "Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga (full name); Peter II (English)".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthDate "1825-12-02".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthPlace Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthPlace Empire_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthPlace Pa%C3%A7o_de_S%C3%A3o_Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthPlace Paço_de_São_Cristóvão.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthPlace Rio_de_Janeiro.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthYear "1825".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil deathDate "1891-12-05".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil deathPlace France.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil deathPlace Paris.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil deathYear "1891".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil parent Maria_Leopoldina_of_Austria.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil parent Pedro_I_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil predecessor Pedro_I_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil restingPlace Cathedral_of_Petr%C3%B3polis.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil restingPlace Petr%C3%B3polis.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil royalAnthem Hino_da_Independ%C3%AAncia.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil spouse Teresa_Cristina_of_the_Two_Sicilies.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil successor Deodoro_da_Fonseca.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil thumbnail Pedro_II_circa_1887b_transparent.png?width=300.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil wikiPageID "81473".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil wikiPageRevisionID "603637773".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil alt "Half-length photographic portrait of an older man with white hair and beard dressed in a dark jacket and necktie".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil alternativeNames "Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga ; Peter II".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil altstyle "Sire".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthDate "1825-12-02".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthPlace Empire_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthPlace Paço_de_São_Cristóvão.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil birthPlace Rio_de_Janeiro.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil caption "Emperor Dom Pedro II around age 61, c. 1887".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil coronation "1841-07-18".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil dateOfBirth "1825-12-02".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil dateOfDeath "1891-12-05".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil deathDate "1891-12-05".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil deathPlace France.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil deathPlace Paris.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil dipstyle Imperial_Majesty_(style).
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil father Pedro_I_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil fullName "Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil hasPhotoCollection Pedro_II_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil house House_of_Braganza.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil imgw "200".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil issue "* Afonso, Prince Imperial * Isabel, Princess Imperial * Leopoldina, Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha * Pedro, Prince Imperial".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil issueLink "#Issue".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil issuePipe "detail".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil mother Maria_Leopoldina_of_Austria.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil name "Dom Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil name "Pedro II".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil offstyle "Your Imperial Majesty".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil placeOfBirth Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil placeOfBirth Paço_de_São_Cristóvão.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil placeOfBirth Rio_de_Janeiro.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil placeOfBurial Cathedral_of_Petrópolis.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil placeOfBurial Petrópolis.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil placeOfDeath France.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil placeOfDeath Paris.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil predecessor Pedro_I_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil reason "Monarchy abolished".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil reason "President Deodoro da Fonseca".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil reason "Republic established under".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil reign "--04-07".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil reignType "Tenure".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil religion Catholic_Church.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil royalAnthem "Independence Hymn".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil royalName "Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil shortDescription "--04-07".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil signature "Signature Pedro II.png".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil signatureAlt "Cursive signature in ink".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil spouse Teresa_Cristina_of_the_Two_Sicilies.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil succession Brazilian_Imperial_Family.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil succession List_of_monarchs_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil successor Isabel,_Princess_Imperial_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil successor "(Deodoro da Fonseca as President of Brazil)".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil successor "Monarchy abolished".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil title List_of_monarchs_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil title Prince_Imperial_of_Brazil.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil wordnet_type synset-sovereign-noun-1.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil years "--04-07".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil years "--11-15".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil years "--12-02".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil description "Emperor of Brazil from 7 April 1831 until deposed on 15 November 1889, Pedro II was the last ruler of the Empire of Brazil".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil description "Emperor of Brazil from 7 April 1831 until deposed on 15 November 1889, Pedro II was the last ruler of the Empire of Brazil".
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:1825_births.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:1891_deaths.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:19th-century_Brazilian_people.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:19th-century_monarchs_in_South_America.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:Brazilian_abolitionists.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:Brazilian_people_of_Austrian_descent.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:Brazilian_people_of_Portuguese_descent.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:Burials_in_the_Imperial_Mausoleum_at_the_Cathedral_of_Petrópolis.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:Commanders_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Polar_Star.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:Emperors.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:Extra_Knights_Companion_of_the_Garter.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:Grand_Cordons_of_the_Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium).
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:Grand_Croix_of_the_Légion_d'honneur.
- Pedro_II_of_Brazil subject Category:Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_the_Redeemer.
