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- Pitman_shorthand abstract "Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken. As of 1996, Pitman shorthand was the most popular shorthand system used in the United Kingdom and the second most popular in the United States.One characteristic feature of Pitman shorthand is that unvoiced and voiced pairs of sounds (such as /p/ and /b/ or /t/ and /d/) are represented by strokes which differ only in thickness; the thin stroke representing "light" sounds such as /p/ and /t/; the thick stroke representing "heavy" sounds such as /b/ and /d/. Doing this requires a writing instrument responsive to the user's drawing pressure: specialist fountain pens (with fine, flexible nibs) were originally used, but pencils are now more commonly used.Pitman shorthand uses straight strokes and quarter-circle strokes, in various orientations, to represent consonant sounds. The predominant way of indicating vowels is to use light or heavy dots, dashes, or other special marks drawn close to the consonant. Vowels are drawn before the stroke (or over a horizontal stroke) if the vowel is pronounced ahead of the consonant, or drawn after the stroke (or under a horizontal stroke) if pronounced after. Each vowel, whether indicated by a dot for a short vowel, or by a dash or a longer, more drawn-out vowel, has its own position relative to its adjacent stroke (beginning, middle, or end) to indicate different vowel sounds in an unambiguous system. However, to increase writing speed, rules of "vowel indication" exist whereby the consonant stroke is raised, kept on the line, or lowered to match whether the first vowel of the word is written at the beginning, middle, or end of a consonant stroke—without actually writing the vowel. This is often enough to distinguish words with similar consonant patterns. Another method of vowel indication is to choose between a choice of different strokes for the same consonant. The sound "R" has two kinds of strokes: round, or straight-line, depending on whether there is a vowel sound before or after the R.There have been several versions of Pitman's shorthand since 1837. The original Pitman's shorthand had an "alphabet" of consonants, which was later modified. Additional modifications and rules were added to successive versions. Pitman New Era (1922–1975) had the most developed set of rules and abbreviation lists. Pitman 2000 (1975–present) introduced some simplifications and drastically reduced the list of abbreviations to reduce the memory load, officially reduced to a list of 144 short forms. The later versions dropped certain symbols and introduced other simplifications to earlier versions. For example, strokes "rer" (heavy curved downstroke) and "kway", (hooked horizontal straight stroke) are present in Pitman's New Era, but not in Pitman's 2000.".
- Pitman_shorthand thumbnail Pitman.png?width=300.
- Pitman_shorthand wikiPageExternalLink books?id=WBILAAAAIAAJ.
- Pitman_shorthand wikiPageExternalLink pitmanshorthand.homestead.com.
- Pitman_shorthand wikiPageExternalLink dutton-v-pitman-shorthand-alleged-libel-lawsuit.
- Pitman_shorthand wikiPageExternalLink cassyjanek.
- Pitman_shorthand wikiPageExternalLink www.long-live-pitmans-shorthand.org.uk.
- Pitman_shorthand wikiPageExternalLink www.shorthand.mkz.com.
- Pitman_shorthand wikiPageExternalLink www.shorthandworld.co.uk.
- Pitman_shorthand wikiPageID "347175".
- Pitman_shorthand wikiPageRevisionID "606512385".
- Pitman_shorthand children Western_Cree_syllabics.
- Pitman_shorthand children "Pitman's 2000".
- Pitman_shorthand children "Pitman's New Era".
- Pitman_shorthand creator Isaac_Pitman.
- Pitman_shorthand hasPhotoCollection Pitman_shorthand.
- Pitman_shorthand languages English_language.
- Pitman_shorthand name "Pitman shorthand".
- Pitman_shorthand sample "Pitman.png".
- Pitman_shorthand shdates "1837".
- Pitman_shorthand shform "geometric".
- Pitman_shorthand shline "heavy".
- Pitman_shorthand shtype Abugida.
- Pitman_shorthand time "1837".
- Pitman_shorthand type "Stenography".
- Pitman_shorthand subject Category:1837_introductions.
- Pitman_shorthand subject Category:Abjad_writing_systems.
- Pitman_shorthand subject Category:Abugida_writing_systems.
- Pitman_shorthand subject Category:Shorthand_systems.
- Pitman_shorthand subject Category:Transcription_(linguistics).
- Pitman_shorthand type Abstraction100002137.
- Pitman_shorthand type Communication100033020.
- Pitman_shorthand type Orthography106351202.
- Pitman_shorthand type Writing106359877.
- Pitman_shorthand type WrittenCommunication106349220.
- Pitman_shorthand comment "Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken.".
- Pitman_shorthand label "Pitman shorthand".
- Pitman_shorthand label "Скоропись Питмана".
- Pitman_shorthand sameAs m.01yvfx.
- Pitman_shorthand sameAs Q3534236.
- Pitman_shorthand sameAs Q3534236.
- Pitman_shorthand sameAs Pitman_shorthand.
- Pitman_shorthand wasDerivedFrom Pitman_shorthand?oldid=606512385.
- Pitman_shorthand depiction Pitman.png.
- Pitman_shorthand isPrimaryTopicOf Pitman_shorthand.