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- Plasmid abstract "A plasmid is a small DNA molecule that is physically separate from, and can replicate independently of, chromosomal DNA within a cell. Most commonly found as small circular, double-stranded DNA molecules in bacteria, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids carry genes that may benefit survival of the organism (e.g. antibiotic resistance), and can frequently be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via horizontal gene transfer. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.The term plasmid was first introduced by the American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg in 1952. Plasmid sizes vary from 1 to over 1,000 kbp. The number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances. Plasmids can be found in all three major domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.Plasmids are considered replicons, capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not considered by some to be a form of life. Plasmids can be transferred between bacterial hosts through a process known as bacterial conjugation. Because conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer, plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are "naked" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative "sex" pilus necessary for their own transfer. Plasmid host-to-host transfer can also require changes in incipient host gene expression allowing the intentional uptake of the genetic element by transformation. Microbial transformation with plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor symbiotic in nature, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances. Plasmids can also provide bacteria with the ability to fix nitrogen or to degrade recalcitrant organic compounds that provide an advantage when nutrients are scarce.".
- Plasmid thumbnail Plasmid_(english).svg?width=300.
- Plasmid wikiPageExternalLink mainfram.htm.
- Plasmid wikiPageExternalLink 57923864.
- Plasmid wikiPageExternalLink 0001Q.SGM.
- Plasmid wikiPageExternalLink abstract.
- Plasmid wikiPageExternalLink 1472-6750-10-20.pdf.
- Plasmid wikiPageExternalLink bacterial-transformation-and-plasmid-recovery.
- Plasmid wikiPageExternalLink 25.%20Nehlsen%20et%20al,%20233-244.pdf.
- Plasmid wikiPageExternalLink 03%20%20Bode.pdf.
- Plasmid wikiPageExternalLink www.ispb.org.
- Plasmid wikiPageExternalLink gt2008113a.html.
- Plasmid wikiPageID "23974".
- Plasmid wikiPageRevisionID "603566925".
- Plasmid hasPhotoCollection Plasmid.
- Plasmid subject Category:Borderline_life.
- Plasmid subject Category:Gene_delivery.
- Plasmid subject Category:Mobile_genetic_elements.
- Plasmid subject Category:Molecular_biology.
- Plasmid subject Category:Molecular_biology_techniques.
- Plasmid comment "A plasmid is a small DNA molecule that is physically separate from, and can replicate independently of, chromosomal DNA within a cell. Most commonly found as small circular, double-stranded DNA molecules in bacteria, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids carry genes that may benefit survival of the organism (e.g.".
- Plasmid label "Plasmid".
- Plasmid label "Plasmid".
- Plasmid label "Plasmide".
- Plasmid label "Plasmide".
- Plasmid label "Plasmide".
- Plasmid label "Plasmídeo".
- Plasmid label "Plazmid".
- Plasmid label "Plásmido".
- Plasmid label "Плазмиды".
- Plasmid label "بلازميد".
- Plasmid label "プラスミド".
- Plasmid label "质粒".
- Plasmid sameAs Plazmid.
- Plasmid sameAs Plasmid.
- Plasmid sameAs Πλασμίδιο.
- Plasmid sameAs Plásmido.
- Plasmid sameAs Plasmido.
- Plasmid sameAs Plasmide.
- Plasmid sameAs Plasmid.
- Plasmid sameAs Plasmide.
- Plasmid sameAs プラスミド.
- Plasmid sameAs 플라스미드.
- Plasmid sameAs Plasmide.
- Plasmid sameAs Plazmid.
- Plasmid sameAs Plasmídeo.
- Plasmid sameAs m.05zzy.
- Plasmid sameAs Q172778.
- Plasmid sameAs Q172778.
- Plasmid wasDerivedFrom Plasmid?oldid=603566925.
- Plasmid depiction Plasmid_(english).svg.
- Plasmid isPrimaryTopicOf Plasmid.