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• Platon_Levshin abstract "Plato II or Platon II (29 June 1737 – 11 November 1812) was the Metropolitan of Moscow from 1775 to 1812. He personifies the Age of Enlightenment in the Russian Orthodox Church.He was born at Chashnikovo near Moscow as Platon Levshin (Russian: Платон Левшин) in the family of a psalmodist, and was educated at the seminary and the Slavic Greek Latin Academy of Moscow. In 1757 he was appointed instructor in Greek and rhetoric at the latter institution, and became distinguished as a pulpit orator. Within the year he was called to be instructor in rhetoric at the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra near Moscow. Here he became a monk, adopting the name of Platon, and in 1761 was made rector of the seminary of the monastery. A sermon preached by him in October 1762, produced so favorable an impression on the Empress Catherine II that she summoned him to court to be the religious instructor of the eight-year-old heir apparent, Paul Petrovitch. Here he came into close contact with Voltaire and the encyclopedists, but without injury either to his faith or his character.Platon remained at the Russian court, winning the admiration of even Voltaire, until the marriage of the heir apparent to Maria Feodorovna, daughter of Duke Eugene of Württemberg, in 1773. During this time he published, for the use of his royal pupil, his Orthodox Doctrine: or, A short Compend of Christian Theology (Moscow, 1765), in which the influence of Western thought, and even of rationalism, may be distinctly traced. At the same time, Roman Catholic doctrines are mercilessly attacked, while the Lutheran tenet of ubiquity and the Reformed theory of predestination also receive their share of criticism. This catechism was followed, a year later, by the Exhortation of the Orthodox Eastern Catholic Church of Christ to her former Children, now on the Road to Schism, pleading, though with scant success, for lenient treatment of dissenters from the Orthodox Church.In 1768 Platon became a member of the Holy Synod, and in 1770 was made bishop of Tver, though he still remained at St. Petersburg, finally being the religious instructor of the new grand duchess. In 1775 he was enthroned archbishop of Moscow, and throughout the reigns of Catherine II, Paul, and Alexander I diligently promoted the religious, moral, intellectual, and material welfare of his archdiocese, maintaining meanwhile an unceasing literary activity.In 1775 he issued a catechism for the use of the clergy, and in 1776 a short catechism for children, as well as one in the form of a dialogue, while his brief history of the Russian Church (1777) is the first systematic treatise of its kind in the Russian language. In 1787 Platon reluctantly consented to become metropolitan of Moscow. He visited the city but seldom, however, passing the winter in the Troitsky monastery and the summer in the Pererva Monastery close to Moscow. Here he supervised personally the studies of the seminarians, who included three destined to succeed him as archbishop of Moscow.Compared to his predecessors, Platon was rather lenient towards the Old Believers and allowed them to establish their first chapels in Moscow, notably the Preobrazhenskoe cemetery. He also formalized the arrangement, known as Edinoverie, earlier introduced by Archbishop Nikephoros of Slaviansk, that allowed Old Believer communities to join the established church, while maintaining their traditional form of worship.It was Platon who crowned both Paul (1797) and Alexander I (1801); but despite his close and cordial relations with the court he preserved to the last his firmness and his independence. Shortly before his death he aided in preparing the way for the foundation of the Russian Bible Society which was established in the year in which he died. Shortly before his death, Platon was evacuated from Moscow, which was about to be surrendered to Napoleon.The collected works of Platon were published at Moscow in twenty volumes in 1779–1807, the greater portion of these writings being sermons, of which there are about 500. An abridged English translation of Platon's catechism was prepared from a Greek version of the Russian original (London, 1867), and his sermon preached at the request of the empress to celebrate the victory of Chesma also appeared in English (London, 1770).".
• Platon_Levshin birthDate "1737-06-29".
• Platon_Levshin birthYear "1737".
• Platon_Levshin deathDate "1812-11-11".
• Platon_Levshin deathYear "1812".
• Platon_Levshin thumbnail Plato_II.jpg?width=300.
• Platon_Levshin wikiPageExternalLink platon.bogoslov.ru.
• Platon_Levshin wikiPageExternalLink 1812.html.
• Platon_Levshin wikiPageExternalLink 01160379.htm.
• Platon_Levshin wikiPageID "4498834".
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• Platon_Levshin after Avgustin.
• Platon_Levshin before Samouel_of_Krutitsy.
• Platon_Levshin dateOfBirth "1737-06-29".
• Platon_Levshin dateOfDeath "1812-11-11".
• Platon_Levshin hasPhotoCollection Platon_Levshin.
• Platon_Levshin name "Plato II".
• Platon_Levshin shortDescription "Russian bishop".
• Platon_Levshin title List_of_Metropolitans_and_Patriarchs_of_Moscow.
• Platon_Levshin years "1775".
• Platon_Levshin description "Russian bishop".
• Platon_Levshin description "Russian bishop".
• Platon_Levshin subject Category:1737_births.
• Platon_Levshin subject Category:1812_deaths.
• Platon_Levshin subject Category:18th-century_Eastern_Orthodox_bishops.
• Platon_Levshin subject Category:19th-century_Eastern_Orthodox_bishops.
• Platon_Levshin subject Category:Historians_of_the_Russian_Church.
• Platon_Levshin subject Category:Metropolitans_and_Patriarchs_of_Moscow.
• Platon_Levshin subject Category:Russian_theologians.
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• Platon_Levshin comment "Plato II or Platon II (29 June 1737 – 11 November 1812) was the Metropolitan of Moscow from 1775 to 1812. He personifies the Age of Enlightenment in the Russian Orthodox Church.He was born at Chashnikovo near Moscow as Platon Levshin (Russian: Платон Левшин) in the family of a psalmodist, and was educated at the seminary and the Slavic Greek Latin Academy of Moscow. In 1757 he was appointed instructor in Greek and rhetoric at the latter institution, and became distinguished as a pulpit orator.".
• Platon_Levshin label "Platon (Lewszyn)".
• Platon_Levshin label "Platon II (metropolita)".
• Platon_Levshin label "Platon II de Moscou".
• Platon_Levshin label "Platon Levshin".
• Platon_Levshin label "Платон (Лёвшин)".
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• Platon_Levshin sameAs Platon_(Lewszyn).
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• Platon_Levshin depiction Plato_II.jpg.
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• Platon_Levshin name "Plato II".