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- Plough abstract "The plough (BrE) or plow (AmE; see spelling differences; /ˈplaʊ/) is a tool (or machine) used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil. Ploughs are traditionally drawn by working animals such as horses or cattle, but in modern times may be drawn by tractors. A plough may be made of wood, iron, or steel. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, and represents one of the major advances in agriculture. The primary purpose of ploughing is to turn over the upper layer of the soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface, while burying weeds, the remains of previous crops, and both crop and weed seeds, allowing them to break down. It also provides a seed-free medium for planting an alternate crop. In modern use, a ploughed field is typically left to dry out, and is then harrowed before planting. Plowing and cultivating a soil homogenizes and modifies the upper 12 to 25 cm of the soil to form a plow layer. In many soils, the majority of fine plant feeder roots can be found in the topsoil or plow layer. Ploughs were initially human powered, but the process became considerably more efficient once animals were pressed into service. The first animal powered ploughs were undoubtedly pulled by oxen, and later in many areas by horses (generally draught horses) and mules, although various other animals have been used for this purpose. In industrialised countries, the first mechanical means of pulling a plough were steam-powered (ploughing engines or steam tractors), but these were gradually superseded by internal-combustion-powered tractors. Modern competitions take place for ploughing enthusiasts like the National Ploughing Championships in the UK. Use of the plough has decreased in some areas, often those significantly threatened by soil damage and erosion, in favour of shallower ploughing and other less invasive conservation tillage techniques. Emerging natural farming methods such as permaculture do not involve any ploughing at all, unless an initial ploughing is necessary to break up hardpan on a new plot to be cultivated, so that the newly introduced soil life can penetrate and develop more quickly and deeply. By not ploughing, beneficial fungi and microbial life can develop that will eventually bring air into the soil, retain water and build up nutrients. A healthy soil full of active fungi and microbial life, combined with a diverse crop (making use of companion planting), suppresses weeds and pests naturally and retains rainwater. Thus the intensive use of water-, oil- and energy hungry irrigation, fertilizers and herbicides are avoided. Another advantage of permaculture is that cultivated land becomes more fertile and productive over time, while tilled land tends to go down in productivity over time due to erosion and the removal of nutrients with every harvest. Proponents of permaculture claim that it is the only way of farming that can be maintained when fossil fuel runs out. On the other hand, the advantage of agricultural methods that require repeated ploughing are that they allow monocropping on a large scale at remote locations, using industrial machinery rather than human labor.".
- Plough thumbnail Farmer_plowing.jpg?width=300.
- Plough wikiPageExternalLink v=onepage&q=Popular%20Science%201935%20plane%20%22Popular%20Mechanics%22&f=true.
- Plough wikiPageExternalLink 134.
- Plough wikiPageExternalLink www.antiquefarmtools.info.
- Plough wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Plough wikiPageExternalLink 3698571.
- Plough wikiPageExternalLink plough.htm.
- Plough wikiPageID "24096".
- Plough wikiPageRevisionID "605143319".
- Plough hasPhotoCollection Plough.
- Plough subject Category:Agricultural_machinery.
- Plough subject Category:Farming_tools.
- Plough subject Category:History_of_agriculture.
- Plough type Artifact100021939.
- Plough type FarmingTools.
- Plough type Implement103563967.
- Plough type Instrumentality103575240.
- Plough type Object100002684.
- Plough type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Plough type Tool104451818.
- Plough type Whole100003553.
- Plough comment "The plough (BrE) or plow (AmE; see spelling differences; /ˈplaʊ/) is a tool (or machine) used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil. Ploughs are traditionally drawn by working animals such as horses or cattle, but in modern times may be drawn by tractors. A plough may be made of wood, iron, or steel. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, and represents one of the major advances in agriculture.".
- Plough label "Arado (agricultura)".
- Plough label "Arado".
- Plough label "Aratro".
- Plough label "Charrue".
- Plough label "Pflug".
- Plough label "Ploeg (werktuig)".
- Plough label "Plough".
- Plough label "Pług".
- Plough label "Плуг".
- Plough label "محراث".
- Plough label "プラウ".
- Plough label "犁".
- Plough sameAs Pluh.
- Plough sameAs Pflug.
- Plough sameAs Άροτρο.
- Plough sameAs Arado_(agricultura).
- Plough sameAs Golde.
- Plough sameAs Charrue.
- Plough sameAs Bajak.
- Plough sameAs Aratro.
- Plough sameAs プラウ.
- Plough sameAs 쟁기.
- Plough sameAs Ploeg_(werktuig).
- Plough sameAs Pług.
- Plough sameAs Arado.
- Plough sameAs m.0605m.
- Plough sameAs Q11464.
- Plough sameAs Q11464.
- Plough sameAs Plough.
- Plough wasDerivedFrom Plough?oldid=605143319.
- Plough depiction Farmer_plowing.jpg.
- Plough isPrimaryTopicOf Plough.