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- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre abstract "The massacre at the Qissa Khawani Bazaar (the Storytellers Market) in Peshawar, British India (modern day Pakistan) on 23 April 1930 was one of the defining moments in the non-violent struggle of the Indian independence movement. It was the first major confrontation between British troops and non-violent demonstrators in the then peaceful city—some estimates at the time put the death toll from the shooting at nearly 400 dead. The gunning down of unarmed people triggered protests across the India and catapulted the newly formed Khudai Khidmatgar movement onto the National scene.The Khudai Khidmatgar (literally Servants of God), led by Ghaffar Khan, were a group of Pashtuns committed to the removal of British rule through non-violent methods. On 23 April 1930, Ghaffar Khan was arrested after giving a speech in Utmanzai urging resistance to British rule. Ghaffar Khan's reputation for uncompromising integrity and commitment to non-violence inspired most of the local townspeople to take the oath of membership and join the Khudai Khidmatgar in protest.Simultaneous were demonstrations led by a cross section of civil society in and around Peshawar, led by Maulana Abdur Rahim Popalzai against discriminatory laws like the Frontier Crimes Regulation against the people of the province.After other Khudai Khidmatgar leaders were arrested, a large crowd of the group gathered at the Qissa Khwani bazaar. As British troops moved into the bazaar, the crowd was loud, though completely non-violent. British armored cars drove into the square at high speed, killing several people. The crowd continued their commitment to non-violence, offering to disperse if they could gather their dead and injured, and if British troops left the square. The British troops refused to leave, so the protesters remained with the dead and injured. At that point, the British ordered troops to open fire with machine guns on the unarmed crowd. The Khudai Khidmatgar members willingly faced bullets, responding without violence. Instead, many members repeated 'God is Great' and clutched the Qur'an as they went to their death.The exact number of deaths remains controversial—several hundred were killed, with many more wounded. One British Indian Army regiment, troops of the renowned Royal Garhwal Rifles, refused to fire at the crowds. A British civil servant wrote later that "hardly any regiment of the Indian Army won greater glory in the Great War (World War I) than the Garhwal Rifles, and the defection of part of the regiment sent shock waves through India, of apprehension to some, of exultation to others." The entire platoon was arrested and many received heavy penalties, including life imprisonment.The violence continued for six hours. Gene Sharp, who has written a study of nonviolent resistance, describes the scene on that day:When those in front fell down wounded by the shots, those behind came forward with their chests bared and exposed themselves to the fire, so much so that some people got as many as twenty-one bullet wounds in their bodies, and all the people stood their ground without getting into a panic. . . . The Anglo-Indian paper of Lahore, which represents the official view, itself wrote to the effect that the people came forward one after another to face the firing and when they fell wounded they were dragged back and others came forward to be shot at. This state of things continued from 11 till 5 o'clock in the evening. When the number of corpses became too many, the ambulance cars of the government took them away.In Peshawar and the surrounding area, the Khudai Khidmatgar suffered some of the most extreme suffering of the Indian independence movement. Ghaffar Khan later wrote that this was because the British thought a non-violent Pashtun was more dangerous than a violent one. Because of this, the British did everything they could to provoke them into violence, with little effect.The British action against the local Indian population created unrest throughout the British Colony of India. This resulted in King George VI (Emperor of India) launching a legal investigation into this matter. The British Commission brought the case forward to Chief Justice Naimatullah Chaudhry, a distinguished Judge of the Lucknow protectorate.Historical records of Peshawar Archives indicate that like many previous incidents, the British Government decided to mask the Qissa Khawani Bazaar Massacre by bribing the judge. In addition, King George VI also passed a resolution to Knight Naimatullah Chaudhry with the title of "Sir" and "Lord" to gain his favor. In return it was expected that Naimatullah would issue a report supporting the British Troops. However, Naimatullah turned down the offers and he personally surveyed the area of massacre and published a 200-page report criticizing the British on their heinous act and passed a resolution in favor of the local people of Peshawar and N.W.F.P Area. The decision of the judge was hailed by the local populace upon the basis that truth and honesty had prevailed.".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre wikiPageExternalLink index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=364&Itemid=38.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre wikiPageID "4154541".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre wikiPageRevisionID "603931541".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre caption "Garwal Rifles refused to fire on protestors".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre date "1930-04-23".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre fatalities "400".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre hasPhotoCollection Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre location "Peshawar, British Raj, now Pakistan".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre target "Khudai Khidmatgar protestors".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre title "Qissa Khwani bazaar massacre".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type Mass_murder.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type Massacre.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:1930_in_India.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:Conflicts_in_1930.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:History_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:Indian_independence_movement.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:Massacres_committed_by_the_United_Kingdom.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:Massacres_in_India.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:Massacres_in_Pakistan.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:Pakistan_Movement.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:Peshawar.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:Political_repression_in_British_India.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre subject Category:Protest-related_deaths.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type Abstraction100002137.
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- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type Coercion101127245.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type Conflict100958896.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type ConflictsIn1930.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type Enforcement101127019.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type Event100029378.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type GroupAction101080366.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type Operation100955060.
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- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type SocialControl101123598.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type SurpriseAttack101246541.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type Terror100759500.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type Terrorism100759694.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type TerroristAttack101246697.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre comment "The massacre at the Qissa Khawani Bazaar (the Storytellers Market) in Peshawar, British India (modern day Pakistan) on 23 April 1930 was one of the defining moments in the non-violent struggle of the Indian independence movement. It was the first major confrontation between British troops and non-violent demonstrators in the then peaceful city—some estimates at the time put the death toll from the shooting at nearly 400 dead.".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre label "Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre".
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre sameAs m.0bm1s8.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre sameAs Q7267930.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre sameAs Q7267930.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre sameAs Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre wasDerivedFrom Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre?oldid=603931541.
- Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre isPrimaryTopicOf Qissa_Khwani_Bazaar_massacre.