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- Reconstruction_Amendments abstract "The Reconstruction Amendments are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War. The amendments were important in implementing the Reconstruction of the American South after the war. Their proponents saw them as transforming the United States from a country that was (in Abraham Lincoln's words) "half slave and half free" to one in which the constitutionally guaranteed "blessings of liberty" would be extended to the entire populace, including the former slaves and their descendants.The Thirteenth Amendment (proposed and ratified in 1865) abolished slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment (proposed in 1866 and ratified in 1868) included the privileges and immunities clause, applicable to all citizens, and the due process and equal protection clauses applicable to all persons. The Fifteenth Amendment, (proposed in 1869 and ratified in 1870) prohibits discrimination in voting rights of citizens on the basis of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." This amendment did not include a specific prohibition on discrimination on the basis of sex; it took another amendment—the Nineteenth, ratified in 1920—to prohibit such discrimination explicitly. Men and women of all races, regardless of prior slavery, could vote in some states of the early United States, such as New Jersey, provided that they could meet other requirements, such as property ownership.These amendments were intended to guarantee freedom to former slaves and to establish and prevent discrimination in civil rights to former slaves and all citizens of the United States. The promise of these amendments was eroded by state laws and federal court decisions over the course of the 19th century. Women were prohibited by some state constitutions and laws from voting, leading to Susan B. Anthony attempting to vote in New York in the 1872 Presidential election as an act of civil disobedience. In 1876 and later, some states passed Jim Crow laws that limited the rights of African-Americans. Important Supreme Court decisions that undermined these amendments were the Slaughter-House Cases in 1873, which prevented rights guaranteed under the Fourteenth Amendment's privileges or immunities clause from being extended to rights under state law; and Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 which originated the phrase "separate but equal" and gave federal approval to Jim Crow laws. The full benefits of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments were not realized until the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 and laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.".
- Reconstruction_Amendments thumbnail Lincoln_and_Johnsond.jpg?width=300.
- Reconstruction_Amendments wikiPageID "5858078".
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- Reconstruction_Amendments subject Category:Amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
- Reconstruction_Amendments subject Category:Political_history_of_the_American_Civil_War.
- Reconstruction_Amendments subject Category:Reconstruction_Era.
- Reconstruction_Amendments subject Category:United_States_slavery_law.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type Abstraction100002137.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type Act100030358.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type Action100037396.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type Amendment101250101.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type AmendmentsToTheUnitedStatesConstitution.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type Change100191142.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type ChangeOfState100199130.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type Correction100258854.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type Event100029378.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type Improvement100248977.
- Reconstruction_Amendments type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
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- Reconstruction_Amendments comment "The Reconstruction Amendments are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War. The amendments were important in implementing the Reconstruction of the American South after the war.".
- Reconstruction_Amendments label "Reconstruction Amendments".
- Reconstruction_Amendments label "重建修正案".
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- Reconstruction_Amendments depiction Lincoln_and_Johnsond.jpg.
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