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- Richard_II_of_England abstract "Richard II (6 January 1367 – ca. 14 February 1400) was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed on 30 September 1399.Richard, a son of Edward, the Black Prince, was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III. Richard was the younger brother of Edward of Angoulême; upon the death of this elder brother, Richard—at four years of age—became second in line to the throne after his father. Upon the death of Richard's father prior to the death of Edward III, Richard, by agnatic succession, became the first in line for the throne. With Edward III's death the following year, Richard succeeded to the throne at the age of ten.During Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of councils. The political community preferred this to a regency led by the king's uncle, John of Gaunt, yet Gaunt remained highly influential. The first major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381. The young king played a major part in the successful suppression of this crisis. In the following years, however, the king's dependence on a small number of courtiers caused discontent in the political community, and in 1387 control of government was taken over by a group of noblemen known as the Lords Appellant. By 1389 Richard had regained control, and for the next eight years governed in relative harmony with his former opponents. Isabelle of France (1389-1409), oldest daughter of King Charles VI, was not quite seven years old when she married Richard II as his second wife in 1396. Then, in 1397, he took his revenge on the appellants, many of whom were executed or exiled. The next two years have been described by historians as Richard's "tyranny". In 1399, after John of Gaunt died, the king disinherited Gaunt's son, Henry of Bolingbroke, who had previously been exiled. Henry invaded England in June 1399 with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Claiming initially that his goal was only to reclaim his patrimony, it soon became clear that he intended to claim the throne for himself. Meeting little resistance, Bolingbroke deposed Richard and had himself crowned as King Henry IV. Richard died in captivity early the next year; he was probably murdered.As an individual, Richard was said to have been tall, good-looking and intelligent. Though probably not insane, as earlier historians used to believe, he may have suffered from a personality disorder towards the end of his reign. Less of a warrior than either his father or grandfather, he sought to bring an end to the Hundred Years' War that Edward III had started. He was a firm believer in the royal prerogative, something which led him to restrain the power of his nobility, and to rely on a private retinue for military protection instead. He also cultivated a courtly atmosphere in which the king was an elevated figure, and art and culture were at the centre, in contrast to the fraternal, martial court of his grandfather. Richard's posthumous reputation has to a large extent been shaped by Shakespeare, whose play Richard II portrayed Richard's misrule and his deposition by Bolingbroke as responsible for the fifteenth-century Wars of the Roses. Present day historians do not accept this interpretation, while not exonerating Richard from responsibility for his own deposition. Most authorities agree that, even though his policies were not unprecedented or entirely unrealistic, the way in which he carried them out was unacceptable to the political establishment, and this led to his downfall.".
- Richard_II_of_England activeYearsEndYear "1399".
- Richard_II_of_England activeYearsStartYear "1377".
- Richard_II_of_England birthDate "1367-01-06".
- Richard_II_of_England birthPlace Aquitaine.
- Richard_II_of_England birthPlace Bordeaux.
- Richard_II_of_England birthPlace Duchy_of_Aquitaine.
- Richard_II_of_England birthYear "1367".
- Richard_II_of_England deathDate "1400-02-14".
- Richard_II_of_England deathPlace Pontefract_Castle.
- Richard_II_of_England deathPlace West_Yorkshire.
- Richard_II_of_England deathYear "1400".
- Richard_II_of_England lccnId "n/50/074522".
- Richard_II_of_England parent Edward,_the_Black_Prince.
- Richard_II_of_England parent Joan_of_Kent.
- Richard_II_of_England predecessor Edward_III_of_England.
- Richard_II_of_England restingPlace London.
- Richard_II_of_England restingPlace Westminster_Abbey.
- Richard_II_of_England spouse Anne_of_Bohemia.
- Richard_II_of_England spouse Isabella_of_Valois.
- Richard_II_of_England successor Henry_IV_of_England.
- Richard_II_of_England thumbnail Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg?width=300.
- Richard_II_of_England wikiPageExternalLink process;jsessionid=59D8F43C7272104ED67F29E5CE1CF65C?sort=title&browse=1&clauseMapped(creatorBrowse)=Walsingham%2C+Thomas%2C+fl.+1360-1420..
- Richard_II_of_England wikiPageExternalLink index.php.
- Richard_II_of_England wikiPageExternalLink richardII.
- Richard_II_of_England wikiPageExternalLink browse_CIRCLE.php.
- Richard_II_of_England wikiPageID "46531".
- Richard_II_of_England wikiPageRevisionID "606507789".
- Richard_II_of_England align "right".
- Richard_II_of_England before Edward_III_of_England.
- Richard_II_of_England birthDate "1367-01-06".
- Richard_II_of_England birthPlace Bordeaux.
- Richard_II_of_England birthPlace Duchy_of_Aquitaine.
- Richard_II_of_England caption "-1390.0".
- Richard_II_of_England caption "Richard venerating the Virgin and Child, accompanied by his patron saints: Edmund the Martyr, Edward the Confessor, and John the Baptist".
- Richard_II_of_England caption "Richard's arms of Edward the Confessor's mythical arms impaled with those of the Kings of England and Richard's white hart emblem".
- Richard_II_of_England coronation "1377-07-16".
- Richard_II_of_England dateOfBirth "1367-01-06".
- Richard_II_of_England dateOfDeath "--02-14".
- Richard_II_of_England deathDate "1400-02-14".
- Richard_II_of_England deathPlace Pontefract_Castle.
- Richard_II_of_England deathPlace West_Yorkshire.
- Richard_II_of_England direction "vertical".
- Richard_II_of_England father Edward,_the_Black_Prince.
- Richard_II_of_England hasPhotoCollection Richard_II_of_England.
- Richard_II_of_England header "Wilton Diptych".
- Richard_II_of_England house House_of_Plantagenet.
- Richard_II_of_England image "Wilton diptych.jpg".
- Richard_II_of_England image "Wilton diptych2.jpg".
- Richard_II_of_England moretext Style_of_the_British_sovereign.
- Richard_II_of_England mother Joan_of_Kent.
- Richard_II_of_England name "Richard II of England".
- Richard_II_of_England name "Richard II".
- Richard_II_of_England placeOfBirth "Bordeaux, Aquitaine".
- Richard_II_of_England placeOfBurial London.
- Richard_II_of_England placeOfBurial Westminster_Abbey.
- Richard_II_of_England placeOfDeath "Pontefract Castle, West Yorkshire".
- Richard_II_of_England predecessor Edward_III_of_England.
- Richard_II_of_England regent "John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster".
- Richard_II_of_England reign "--06-21".
- Richard_II_of_England rows "2".
- Richard_II_of_England shortDescription "King of England".
- Richard_II_of_England signature "Richard II Signature.svg".
- Richard_II_of_England spouse Anne_of_Bohemia.
- Richard_II_of_England spouse Isabella_of_Valois.
- Richard_II_of_England succession List_of_English_monarchs.
- Richard_II_of_England successor Henry_IV_of_England.
- Richard_II_of_England title Duke_of_Aquitaine.
- Richard_II_of_England title Duke_of_Cornwall.
- Richard_II_of_England title List_of_English_monarchs.
- Richard_II_of_England title Lordship_of_Ireland.
- Richard_II_of_England title Prince_of_Wales.
- Richard_II_of_England type "monarch".
- Richard_II_of_England width "200".
- Richard_II_of_England years "1376".
- Richard_II_of_England years "1377".
- Richard_II_of_England description "King of England".
- Richard_II_of_England description "King of England".
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:1367_births.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:1400_crimes.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:1400_deaths.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:14th-century_monarchs_in_Europe.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Burials_at_Westminster_Abbey.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Deaths_by_starvation.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Dukes_of_Cornwall.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:English_Roman_Catholics.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:English_monarchs.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:English_people_of_French_descent.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:English_pretenders_to_the_French_throne.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:House_of_Plantagenet.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Knights_of_the_Garter.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Medieval_child_rulers.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Monarchs_who_abdicated.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Murdered_monarchs.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Peasants'_Revolt.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:People_from_Bordeaux.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Princes_of_Wales.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Prisoners_in_the_Tower_of_London.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Richard_II_of_England.
- Richard_II_of_England subject Category:Roman_Catholic_monarchs.