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• Robert_the_Bruce abstract "Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys, Early Scots: Robert Brus), was King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329. Robert was one of the most famous warriors of his generation, eventually leading Scotland during the Wars of Scottish Independence against England. He fought successfully during his reign to regain Scotland's place as an independent nation, and is today remembered in Scotland as a national hero.Descended from the Scoto-Norman and Gaelic nobilities, through his father he was a fourth-great grandson of David I, as well as claiming Richard (Strongbow) de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, King of Leinster and Governor of Ireland, as well as William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (described as the "best knight that ever lived.") and Henry I of England amongst his paternal ancestors. Robert’s grandfather Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale, was one of the claimants to the Scottish throne during the 'Great Cause'.As Earl of Carrick, Robert the Bruce supported his family’s claim to the throne and took part in William Wallace’s revolt against Edward I of England.In 1298 he became a Guardian of Scotland alongside his great rival for the Scottish throne, John Comyn, and William Lamberton, Bishop of St. Andrews. Bruce resigned as guardian in 1300 due in part to his quarrels with Comyn, but chiefly because the restoration of King John seemed imminent, and in 1302 submitted to Edward I and returned ‘to the king’s peace’. With the death of his father in 1304, Bruce inherited his family’s claim to the throne.In February 1306 following an argument during their meeting at Greyfriars monastery, Dumfries, Bruce killed Comyn. He was excommunicated by the Pope, but absolved by Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow. Robert moved quickly to seize the throne and was crowned king of Scots on 25 March 1306, at Scone.Edward I’s forces defeated Robert in battle and he was forced to flee into hiding in the Hebrides and Ireland, before returning in 1307 to defeat an English army at Loudoun Hill and wage a highly successful guerrilla war against the English. Robert defeated the Comyns and his other Scots enemies, destroying their strongholds and devastating their lands from Buchan to Galloway. In 1309 he was able to hold his first parliament at St Andrews, and a series of military victories between 1310 and 1314 won him control of much of Scotland.At the Battle of Bannockburn in June 1314 he defeated a much larger English army under Edward II, confirming the re-establishment of an independent Scottish monarchy. The battle marked a significant turning point, and, freed from English threats, Scotland's armies could now invade northern England, with Robert launching devastating raids into Lancashire and Yorkshire. Robert also decided to expand his war against the English and create a second front by sending an army under his younger brother, Edward, to invade Ireland, appealing to the native Irish to rise against Edward II's rule.Despite Bannockburn and the capture of the final English stronghold at Berwick in 1318, Edward II still refused to give up his claim to the overlordship of Scotland. In 1320, the Scottish magnates and nobles submitted the Declaration of Arbroath to Pope John XXII, declaring that Robert was their rightful monarch and asserting Scotland’s status as an independent kingdom. In 1324 the Pope recognized Robert as king of an independent Scotland, and in 1326 the Franco-Scottish alliance was renewed in the Treaty of Corbeil. In 1327, the English deposed Edward II in favour of his son, Edward III, and peace was temporarily concluded between Scotland and England with the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, by which Edward III renounced all claims to sovereignty over Scotland.Robert I died on 7 June 1329. His body is buried in Dunfermline Abbey, while his heart was interred in Melrose Abbey. Bruce's lieutenant and friend Sir James Douglas agreed to take the late King's embalmed heart on crusade to the Lord's Sepulchre in the Holy Land, but he only reached Moorish Granada. Douglas was killed in battle during the siege of Teba while fulfilling his promise. His body and the casket containing the embalmed heart were found upon the field. They were both conveyed back to Scotland by Sir William Keith of Galston.".
• Robert_the_Bruce activeYearsEndYear "1329".
• Robert_the_Bruce activeYearsStartYear "1306".
• Robert_the_Bruce birthDate "1274-07-11".
• Robert_the_Bruce birthPlace Ayrshire.
• Robert_the_Bruce birthPlace Turnberry_Castle.
• Robert_the_Bruce birthYear "1274".
• Robert_the_Bruce deathDate "1329-06-07".
• Robert_the_Bruce deathPlace Cardross,_Argyll.
• Robert_the_Bruce deathYear "1329".
• Robert_the_Bruce parent Marjorie,_Countess_of_Carrick.
• Robert_the_Bruce parent Robert_de_Brus,_6th_Lord_of_Annandale.
• Robert_the_Bruce predecessor John_Balliol.
• Robert_the_Bruce restingPlace Dunfermline_Abbey.
• Robert_the_Bruce restingPlace Melrose_Abbey.
• Robert_the_Bruce spouse Elizabeth_de_Burgh.
• Robert_the_Bruce spouse Isabella_of_Mar.
• Robert_the_Bruce successor David_II_of_Scotland.
• Robert_the_Bruce thumbnail Robertthebruce.jpg?width=300.
• Robert_the_Bruce viafId "44334268".
• Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink menu4.html.
• Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink chronicongalfrid00bakeuoft.
• Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink contents.htm.
• Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink trust.html.
• Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=3103.
• Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink 3754.html.
• Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink www.robertthebruceheritagecentre.co.uk.
• Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageExternalLink T310000-001.
• Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageID "26582".
• Robert_the_Bruce wikiPageRevisionID "605991831".
• Robert_the_Bruce birthDate "1274-07-11".
• Robert_the_Bruce birthPlace Ayrshire.
• Robert_the_Bruce birthPlace Turnberry_Castle.
• Robert_the_Bruce caption "Victorian depiction of Bruce".
• Robert_the_Bruce coronation "1306-03-25".
• Robert_the_Bruce dateOfBirth "1274-07-11".
• Robert_the_Bruce dateOfDeath "1329-06-07".
• Robert_the_Bruce deathDate "1329-06-07".
• Robert_the_Bruce deathPlace Cardross,_Argyll.
• Robert_the_Bruce father Robert_de_Brus,_6th_Lord_of_Annandale.
• Robert_the_Bruce hasPhotoCollection Robert_the_Bruce.
• Robert_the_Bruce house Clan_Bruce.
• Robert_the_Bruce id "55826".
• Robert_the_Bruce issue David_II_of_Scotland.
• Robert_the_Bruce issue Marjorie_Bruce.
• Robert_the_Bruce issueLink "#Issue".
• Robert_the_Bruce issuePipe "more...".
• Robert_the_Bruce mother Marjorie,_Countess_of_Carrick.
• Robert_the_Bruce name "Robert 01 Of Scotland".
• Robert_the_Bruce name "Robert I".
• Robert_the_Bruce placeOfBirth Ayrshire.
• Robert_the_Bruce placeOfBirth Turnberry_Castle.
• Robert_the_Bruce placeOfBurial "Dunfermline Abbey – Melrose Abbey".
• Robert_the_Bruce placeOfDeath Cardross,_Argyll.
• Robert_the_Bruce predecessor John_Balliol.
• Robert_the_Bruce reign "1306".
• Robert_the_Bruce religion Catholic_Church.
• Robert_the_Bruce religion "Roman Catholic".
• Robert_the_Bruce shortDescription "Scottish rebel".
• Robert_the_Bruce spouse Isabella_of_Mar.
• Robert_the_Bruce spouse "Elizabeth de Burgh".
• Robert_the_Bruce succession List_of_Scottish_monarchs.
• Robert_the_Bruce successor David_II_of_Scotland.
• Robert_the_Bruce title Earl_of_Carrick.
• Robert_the_Bruce title List_of_Scottish_monarchs.
• Robert_the_Bruce title Lord_of_Annandale.
• Robert_the_Bruce years "1292".
• Robert_the_Bruce years "1304".
• Robert_the_Bruce years "1306".
• Robert_the_Bruce description "Scottish rebel".
• Robert_the_Bruce description "Scottish rebel".
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:1274_births.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:1329_deaths.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:13th-century_Scottish_people.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:14th-century_Scottish_people.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:14th-century_monarchs_in_Europe.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Burials_at_Dunfermline_Abbey.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Earls_or_mormaers_of_Carrick.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Guardians_of_Scotland.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:House_of_Bruce.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Medieval_Gaels.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:People_excommunicated_by_the_Roman_Catholic_Church.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:People_from_South_Ayrshire.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Roman_Catholic_monarchs.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Scoto-Normans.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Scottish_Roman_Catholics.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Scottish_folklore.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Scottish_generals.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Scottish_knights.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Scottish_monarchs.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Scottish_people_of_the_Wars_of_Scottish_Independence.
• Robert_the_Bruce subject Category:Scottish_rebels.
• Robert_the_Bruce type 13th-centuryScottishPeople.
• Robert_the_Bruce type 14th-centuryMonarchsInEurope.
• Robert_the_Bruce type 14th-centuryScottishPeople.
• Robert_the_Bruce type Aristocrat109807754.
• Robert_the_Bruce type CausalAgent100007347.
• Robert_the_Bruce type CommissionedMilitaryOfficer109943239.
• Robert_the_Bruce type CommissionedOfficer109942970.
• Robert_the_Bruce type Communicator109610660.

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