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- Roman_Republic abstract "The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Pvblica Romana) was the period of the ancient Roman civilization when the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 509 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate. A complex constitution gradually developed, centered on the principles of a separation of powers and checks and balances. Except in times of dire national emergency, public offices were limited to one year, so that, in theory at least, no single individual wielded absolute power over his fellow citizens.Roman society was hierarchical. The evolution of the Constitution of the Roman Republic was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding aristocracy, who traced their ancestry back to the early history of the Roman Kingdom, and the plebeians, the far more numerous citizen-commoners. Over time, the laws that gave patricians exclusive rights to Rome's highest offices were repealed or weakened, and leading plebeian families became full members of the aristocracy. The leaders of the Republic developed a strong tradition and morality requiring public service and patronage in peace and war, making military and political success inextricably linked.During the first two centuries of its existence the Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century it included North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, Greece, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, despite the Republic's traditional and lawful constraints against any individual's acquisition of permanent political powers, Roman politics was dominated by a small number of Roman leaders, their uneasy alliances punctuated by a series of civil wars.The victor in one of these civil wars, Octavian (later known as Augustus), reformed the Republic as a Principate, with himself as Rome's "first citizen" (princeps). The Senate continued to sit and debate. Annual magistrates were elected as before, but final decisions on matters of policy, warfare, diplomacy and appointments were privileged to Augustus through his wielding of a number of separate powers simultaneously. One of his many titles was imperator from which the title "emperor" is derived, and he is customarily called the first Roman Emperor.The Republic was never restored, but neither was it ever formally abolished (the term res publica, continued to be used to refer to the state apparatus), so the exact date of the transition to the Roman Empire is a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed the appointment of Julius Caesar as perpetual dictator in 44 BC, the defeat of Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian under the first settlement and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.Many of Rome's legal and legislative structures can still be observed throughout Europe and much of the world in modern nation states and international organizations. Latin, the language of the Romans, has influenced language across parts of Europe and the world.".
- Roman_Republic capital Rome.
- Roman_Republic currency Roman_currency.
- Roman_Republic dissolutionDate "-0027-01-16".
- Roman_Republic dissolutionYear "-0027".
- Roman_Republic foundingYear "-0509".
- Roman_Republic governmentType Oligarchy.
- Roman_Republic thumbnail Consul_et_lictores.png?width=300.
- Roman_Republic wikiPageExternalLink Main_Page.
- Roman_Republic wikiPageExternalLink inourtime_20041230.shtml.
- Roman_Republic wikiPageExternalLink TheEndofTrust.htm.
- Roman_Republic wikiPageExternalLink www.roman-empire.net.
- Roman_Republic wikiPageExternalLink www.unrv.com.
- Roman_Republic wikiPageID "25816".
- Roman_Republic wikiPageRevisionID "606723205".
- Roman_Republic capital Rome.
- Roman_Republic coaSize "170".
- Roman_Republic commonLanguages Latin.
- Roman_Republic commonLanguages "various unofficial spoken in certain places including Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Gallic, Berber".
- Roman_Republic commonName "Rome".
- Roman_Republic continent "Afroeurasia".
- Roman_Republic conventionalLongName "Roman Republic".
- Roman_Republic currency Roman_currency.
- Roman_Republic dateEnd "--01-16".
- Roman_Republic dateEvent "-0031-09-02".
- Roman_Republic dateEvent "47".
- Roman_Republic era Classical_antiquity.
- Roman_Republic event Battle_of_Actium.
- Roman_Republic event "3.15576E8".
- Roman_Republic eventEnd "Octavian proclaimed Augustus".
- Roman_Republic eventStart "Overthrow of Tarquinius Superbus following the Rape of Lucretia".
- Roman_Republic governmentType Oligarchy.
- Roman_Republic governmentType Republic.
- Roman_Republic hasPhotoCollection Roman_Republic.
- Roman_Republic imageCoat "Consul et lictores.png".
- Roman_Republic imageMap "Republica Romana.svg".
- Roman_Republic imageMapCaption "Roman provinces on the eve of the assassination of Julius Caesar, 44 BC".
- Roman_Republic imageP "25".
- Roman_Republic imageS "30".
- Roman_Republic leader Augustus.
- Roman_Republic leader Lucius_Junius_Brutus.
- Roman_Republic leader Lucius_Tarquinius_Collatinus.
- Roman_Republic leader Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa.
- Roman_Republic legislature Legislative_Assemblies_of_the_Roman_Republic.
- Roman_Republic nativeName "(Official name :)".
- Roman_Republic nativeName "(after c. 100 BC:)".
- Roman_Republic p "Etruscan civilization".
- Roman_Republic p "Roman Kingdom".
- Roman_Republic region Mediterranean_Sea.
- Roman_Republic religion Religion_in_ancient_Rome.
- Roman_Republic s "Roman Empire".
- Roman_Republic statArea "10000".
- Roman_Republic statArea "1200000".
- Roman_Republic statArea "1950000".
- Roman_Republic statArea "360000".
- Roman_Republic statArea "800000".
- Roman_Republic statYear "100".
- Roman_Republic statYear "146".
- Roman_Republic statYear "200".
- Roman_Republic statYear "326".
- Roman_Republic statYear "50".
- Roman_Republic symbolType "Roman consul accompanied by two lictors".
- Roman_Republic title "Roman Republic".
- Roman_Republic titleLeader Roman_consul.
- Roman_Republic yearEnd "27".
- Roman_Republic yearLeader "27".
- Roman_Republic yearLeader "509".
- Roman_Republic yearStart "509".
- Roman_Republic years "509".
- Roman_Republic subject Category:27_BC_disestablishments_in_Italy.
- Roman_Republic subject Category:509_BC_establishments_in_Italy.
- Roman_Republic subject Category:Former_countries_on_the_Italian_Peninsula.
- Roman_Republic subject Category:Roman_Republic.
- Roman_Republic subject Category:States_and_territories_established_in_509_BC.
- Roman_Republic subject Category:States_of_Ancient_Africa.
- Roman_Republic type AdministrativeDistrict108491826.
- Roman_Republic type Country108544813.
- Roman_Republic type District108552138.
- Roman_Republic type FormerCountriesOnTheItalianPeninsula.
- Roman_Republic type Location100027167.
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- Roman_Republic type Region108630985.
- Roman_Republic type RomanStates.
- Roman_Republic type StatesAndTerritoriesEstablishedIn509BC.
- Roman_Republic type YagoGeoEntity.
- Roman_Republic type YagoLegalActorGeo.
- Roman_Republic type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Roman_Republic type Country.
- Roman_Republic type Place.
- Roman_Republic type PopulatedPlace.
- Roman_Republic type Wikidata:Q532.
- Roman_Republic type Country.
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- Roman_Republic comment "The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Pvblica Romana) was the period of the ancient Roman civilization when the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 509 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate. A complex constitution gradually developed, centered on the principles of a separation of powers and checks and balances.".
- Roman_Republic label "Repubblica romana".