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- Second_Polish_Republic abstract "The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or "interwar Poland" refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (1918–1939). Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska), the Polish state was created in 1918, in the aftermath of World War I. When, after several regional conflicts, the borders of the state were fixed in 1922, Poland's neighbours were Czechoslovakia, Germany, the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania and the Soviet Union. It had access to the Baltic Sea via a short strip of coastline either side of the city of Gdynia. Between March and August 1939, Poland also shared a border with the then-Hungarian province of Carpathian Ruthenia. Despite internal and external pressures, it continued to exist until 1939, when Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of World War II in Europe. The Second Republic was significantly different in territory to the current Polish state, controlling substantially more territory in the east and less in the west.The Second Republic's land area was 388,634 km2, making it, in October 1938, the sixth largest country in Europe. After the annexation of Zaolzie, this grew to 389,720 km2. According to the 1921 census, the number of inhabitants was 27.2 million. By 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II, this had grown to an estimated 35.1 million. Almost a third of population came from minority groups: 13.9% Ukrainians; 10% Jews; 3.1% Belarusians; 2.3% Germans and 3.4% percent Czechs, Lithuanians and Russians. At the same time, a significant number of ethnic Poles lived outside the country borders, many in the Soviet Union. The Republic endured and expanded despite a variety of difficulties: the aftermath of World War I, including conflicts with Ukraine, with Czechoslovakia, with Lithuania and with Soviet Russia and Ukraine; the Greater Poland and Silesian Uprisings; and increasing hostility from Nazi Germany.Despite lacking an overseas empire, Poland maintained a slow but steady level of economic development. The cultural hubs of interwar Poland – Warsaw, Kraków, Poznań, Wilno and Lwów – became major European cities and the sites of internationally acclaimed universities and other institutions of higher education. By 1939, the Republic had become "one of Europe's major powers". Nevertheless, the Polish economist Witold Gadomski has calculated that the Republic was a much poorer nation than contemporary Poland. According to his estimates, Poland's gross national product in 1929 was between 50 and 60 billion US$s, which compares starkly with an estimate in 2007 of 422 billion dollars. In 2007, Poland's share in international trade was 1.1%, while in 1937, it was 0.8%.".
- Second_Polish_Republic anthem Poland_Is_Not_Yet_Lost.
- Second_Polish_Republic capital Warsaw.
- Second_Polish_Republic dissolutionDate "1939-09-01".
- Second_Polish_Republic dissolutionYear "1939".
- Second_Polish_Republic foundingDate "1918-11-11".
- Second_Polish_Republic foundingYear "1918".
- Second_Polish_Republic thumbnail Flag_of_Poland.svg?width=300.
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- Second_Polish_Republic wikiPageExternalLink AMC_2011_The%20Foreign%20Policy%20of%20Pilsudski%20and%20Beck_Offprint%20Version_PR%20Vol.%20LVI%2c%20Nos.%201-2.pdf.
- Second_Polish_Republic wikiPageExternalLink Cienciala_Poland%20and%20Western%20Powers_1968.pdf.
- Second_Polish_Republic wikiPageExternalLink Cienciala_From%20Versailles%20to%20Locarno_1984.pdf.
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- Second_Polish_Republic wikiPageExternalLink poland-1918-1945-an-interpretive-and-documentary.
- Second_Polish_Republic wikiPageID "14245".
- Second_Polish_Republic wikiPageRevisionID "605853910".
- Second_Polish_Republic capital Warsaw.
- Second_Polish_Republic caption "--11-10".
- Second_Polish_Republic caption "Administrative map of Poland".
- Second_Polish_Republic caption "Józef Piłsudski, Chief of State (Naczelnik Państwa) between November 1918 and December 1922".
- Second_Polish_Republic caption "Linguistic map of Poland in 1937".
- Second_Polish_Republic caption "Physical map of the Second Polish Republic".
- Second_Polish_Republic caption "Poland's population density in 1930".
- Second_Polish_Republic caption "Polish voivodeships 1922–1939".
- Second_Polish_Republic caption "Second Polish Republic between 1921 and 1939".
- Second_Polish_Republic caption "The Polish armoured car Korfanty during the Silesian Uprisings".
- Second_Polish_Republic caption "Warsaw in 1939".
- Second_Polish_Republic commonLanguages "BelarusianRussian".
- Second_Polish_Republic commonLanguages "LithuanianGerman".
- Second_Polish_Republic commonLanguages "Polish".
- Second_Polish_Republic commonLanguages "UkrainianYiddish".
- Second_Polish_Republic commonName "Poland".
- Second_Polish_Republic content "--10-31".
- Second_Polish_Republic content "--12-20".
- Second_Polish_Republic continent "Europe".
- Second_Polish_Republic conventionalLongName "Commonwealth of Poland".
- Second_Polish_Republic conventionalLongName "Republic".
- Second_Polish_Republic dateEnd "--09-01".
- Second_Polish_Republic datePost "1939-09-17".
- Second_Polish_Republic dateStart "--11-11".
- Second_Polish_Republic deputy Felicjan_Sławoj_Składkowski.
- Second_Polish_Republic deputy "Jędrzej Moraczewski".
- Second_Polish_Republic direction "vertical".
- Second_Polish_Republic era "Interwar period".
- Second_Polish_Republic eventPost Soviet_invasion_of_Poland.
- Second_Polish_Republic eventStart "End of World War I".
- Second_Polish_Republic flag "Flag of Poland".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagP "Flag of Belarus .svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagP "Flag of Central Lithuania.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagP "Flag of Galicia-Lodomeria 1890-1918.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagP "Flag of Poland.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagP "Flag of Ukraine.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagP "Flag of Ukrainian People's Republic 1917.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagP "Flag of the Galician SSR.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagP "Flag of the Lemko-Rusyn Republic.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagP "POL Tarnobrzeg flag.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagS "Flag of First Slovak Republic 1939-1945.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagS "Flag of German Reich .svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagS "Flag of Lithuania 1918-1940.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagS "Flag of Poland.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagS "Flag of the Soviet Union 1923.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic flagType "Flag".
- Second_Polish_Republic footnoteA "As Chief of State (Naczelnik Państwa).".
- Second_Polish_Republic governmentType "Republic".
- Second_Polish_Republic hasPhotoCollection Second_Polish_Republic.
- Second_Polish_Republic header "History timeline".
- Second_Polish_Republic header "Presidents and Prime ministers".
- Second_Polish_Republic headercss "width: 500px; background: lightblue;".
- Second_Polish_Republic house Senate_of_Poland.
- Second_Polish_Republic house "Sejm".
- Second_Polish_Republic image "Armoured Car Korfanty 1920.jpg".
- Second_Polish_Republic image "II RP adm.png".
- Second_Polish_Republic image "Jozef Pilsudski1.jpg".
- Second_Polish_Republic image "Poland administrative division 1922 literki.png".
- Second_Polish_Republic image "Poland1937linguistic.jpg".
- Second_Polish_Republic image "Poland1939 physical.jpg".
- Second_Polish_Republic image "Polska II RP gestosc zaludnienia.jpg".
- Second_Polish_Republic image "Rydz Smigly Bulawa1.jpg".
- Second_Polish_Republic image "RzeczpospolitaII.png".
- Second_Polish_Republic image "Warsaw 1939 Krakowskie Przedmiescie photo.jpg".
- Second_Polish_Republic imageCoat "Coat of arms of Poland .svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic imageFlag "Flag of Poland.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic imageMap "Poland 1930.svg".
- Second_Polish_Republic imageMapCaption "Location and extent of the Second Polish Republic in Europe .".
- Second_Polish_Republic latd "52".
- Second_Polish_Republic latm "13".
- Second_Polish_Republic latns "N".
- Second_Polish_Republic leader "Gabriel Narutowicz".
- Second_Polish_Republic leader "Ignacy Mościcki".
- Second_Polish_Republic leader "Józef Piłsudskia".
- Second_Polish_Republic leader "Stanisław Wojciechowski".
- Second_Polish_Republic legislature "Sejm".