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• Senga_people abstract "The Senga, who are different from the Nsenga, are an ethnic tribe of Zambia.The Senga are a tribe who migrated from the southern part of present day Congo DRC. They re-settled in the Luangwa valley amongst the Tumbuka speaking people. The language they speak though similar to Tumbuka is distinct and also shares a common strain with Bisa/Bemba.Origins:What the Senga can tell of their past begins with migration to their present home perhaps three centuries ago. There is unanimous agreement that their former home was a place called Uluwa which all evidence suggests was in what now is known as Katanga. There is evidence to suggest that prior to this time the Senga had no separate identity but were part of a larger group.Donald Fraser who visited part of Senga land in 1897 takes the view that the Senga are a composite tribe partly of Tumbuka and Partly of Bisa Origin. But Senga tradition maintains that they were a separate group who broke away from the same chief (possibly Mwata Yamvo) as the Bisa and Bemba but at a different time. The Senga relate Passing through Bisa country – Led by Chibeza Kambombo, the leader of the main group in the migration who was given a young girl for a wife by one of the Bisa Chiefs.Politics:Among the Senga political hierarchy is senior chief, chief, group headman (headman over more than one village) and the village headman.Like all Senga chiefs the senior chief inherits his position. Unlike some of them he inherits from his maternal uncle (a matrilineal system).The principal clans are Goma, Ng’uni, kumwenda, Nyirenda, Lungu, Zimba and Miti.Headmen like the chiefs are said to be selected from members of the chiefs clan (Goma Clan for the senior chiefs area). Senior chiefs usually are headmen before being senior chiefs.While these clans in Zambia are matrilineal in nature, the same tribes which are based in Malawi have a patrilineal lineage. The Nyirendas, Kumwendas, Lungus, Zimbas who migrated to Malawi have had a partineal system of chieftainship. The person who becomes a chief of the village is the first-born son or eldest son where a girl is the first born in the royal family. In Malawi, these tribes are found predominantly in the northern districts of Malawi. However some clans have moved to various other districts in recent years because of work.Today the Senga reside in Chama district of Muchinga province under the leadership of Chief Tembwe.The history of Chief Chibale ChiefdomThe history of chief Chibale as written was narrated by elders named in the fifth and sixth columns of the history chart. Note that long time ago people did not write down in any journal or diaries because of education but based on the narrations by those that were close and knew the details of the succession of the chiefdom. This they passed from one generation to the other.The tribe in Chief Chibale Chiefdom is Senga tribe. The dialect of spoken is Senga very similar to Tumbuka language. The respecting greeting to Chief Chibale is Nundwe thus “Yebo Nundwe”. Nundwe was the waterfalls near where they came from in Kola of Buluba land in Congo formerly Zaire. These groups of tribes were led by Chitimukulu of the Bemba speaking people at the period they moved from Kola in Congo. The groups had leaders for example;• Chtimukulu Leader to the Bemba• Kasani Kaluba Leader of the Senga• Chibeza Goma leader of the Senga of Chief Kambombo.Note that Bisa and Lala were also in the group that moved away from Kola in Congo. The period and reasons why these tribes moved from Congo is not known. Each tribe wanted to settle in a country where they would rule and govern themselves.Kasani Kaluba-Nundwe and Chibeza Goma separate from the Bemba group at Lubu River. This river is east of Chinsali Boma in Muchinga Province. Few kilometers from Lubu River you reach the Great North Road. The road is the boundary between Senior Chief Nkula of the Bemeba in Chinsali and Chief Chibale of the Senga tribe from around Musanya to a certain point of the road.After Kasani Kaluba and Chibeza Goma separated from the Bemba they travelled as one group and settled near the hill called Porombwe at the foot of Muchinga Hills. It was at Porombwe settlement where Chibeza Goma and Kasani Kaluba separated from each other. Chibeza went by the eastern direction and Kasani Kaluba took north east direction with his group.Kasani Kaluba`s group reached at a place called Kalinda Visonje in Mazonde area. Kalinda was at that time the headquarters village. Kasani had four sons and all were born at Kalinda Chitimba of Visonje. Kapandwe Kaluba was the first born of Kasani, second born was named Kaluba Kaluba, third born was a daughter named Bonke Kaluba. The last and fourth born was named Yondo Kaluba. Kasani Kaluba was Chief Chibale № 1.The proof to show all the above named children were born at KalindaChitimba Visonje is that Kasani Kaluba died at Kalinda Chitimba of Visonje. Nobody narrated that Kasani Kaluba had more than one wife. So it is assumed all four children were of one mother.The sons of Kasani Kaluba led by the eldest son Kapandwe travelled to the west and found people under Headman Mukumbo. Mukumbo was annexed to be part of the Chief Chibale and became Mumbili № 1 was Chibale. Kapandwe Kaluba led the group and was Chief Chibale № 2. After Mukumbo, they moved on to a place called Chitete. Kapandwe Chief Chibale № 2 and his brother Kaluba Kaluba travelled from Chitete towards the east and found a stream named Kaunga. These people searched for rivers and streams because of water supply. The Senga people travelled along Kaunga stream because they were informed that along the banks of Lungwa River they were people so they wanted to go and annex them to Chibale. As they travelled along Luangwa River, their powerful leader Kapandwe Kaluba Chief Chibale II fell sick while they were still in Kaunga area.The group rested near a very big tree called Mubuyu (Baobab). Kapandwe died there. This Baobab tree had a big hole (mphako). Kaluba Kaluba the immediate young brother of Kapandwe was very disappointed at the death of his elder brother. It was narrated Kapandwe loved his young brother very much as much as the young brother respected the elder. Kaluba Kaluba ordered the body to be placed in the Mphako of the Baobab tree and to be carried back to Kalinda Citimba of Visonje as they come back from along the Luangwa River. The Senga people now under Kaluba Kaluba who became Chief Chibale № 3 continued their journey of exploration and reached Luangwa River. Across Luangwa River they found a group of people under headman Chipengo Kango. He was annexed to Chief Chibale. Chipengo became Mumbili № 2. On their way back from Chipenga, Kaluba Kaluba reached a place where the dead body of his elder brother Kapandwe was left. Unfortunately they found the body of Kapandwe has decomposed. The plan to take the body to Kalinda was cancelled. The dead body was then buried near a big Baobab (Mubuyu) tree the place which is still well known to date. They call the place Pa Mubuyu wa Kapandwe after you cross Kaunda stream.Kapandwe had three sons before he died. The first born son of Kapandwe was called Chindaba Ndaba. The second born son was Kabwalabwala the third and last born was son Fyatwe.all the three sons of Kapandwe were born at Kalinda Chitimba of Visonje. To show that all the three sons of Kapandwe were born at Kalinda was the reason why Kaluba Kaluba wanted to take the body back for burial.Kaluba Kaluba had twins. Their names were Malema and Malama. The son had no information where these two were born by time of writing. It could be at Kalinda or Chitete.The exploration to find more land continued. Kaluba Kaluba led his group northwards. They reached at Kabeya near Tambo land. So they shared boundary with Chief Kampumbu of Tambo speaking people. The Sikanyika are the people of Songozi even these days. From Kabeya the Senga speaking people went to Muzambwe on the North West direction. Muzambwe was annexed. Mumbili № 3. Then the Senga people settled at Chonamazitu the village which was built near Kamunang’ana stream near to the village named Chenda. They stayed at Chonamazitu for some years. Later on Kaluba Kaluba decided to go back to Chitete. He went to Chitete and died at Chitete.Our ancestor travelled in the Valley of Luangwa River. The valley had many wild games such as elephants, Buffalos, Warthogs, Lions, Leopards only to mention but a few. This meant that the area was heavily infested with Tsetse flies because of abundant game and the people in the area suffered and died from Trypanosomiasis commonly known as Sleeping sickness. Mosquito’s transmitted Malaria. These were the main disease the group suffered from.After the death of Kaluba Kaluba at Chitete it was logical that his cousin Salala took over leadership and became Chief Chibale. At that time Salala was eldest among the Royal Family although he was son of Bonke the daughter of Kasani Kaluba. Some members of our Royal Family say it was Chafoma who took over from Kaluba Kaluba he became Chief Chibale. Now look at the history chart and compare would have come first between Salala and Chafoma. We know that at one time each one of the two was Chief Chibale.So they travelled from Chonamazitu village and followed Kamung’anga stream and they reached Nkaka River, continued along the river and came to settle at a place called Musazi. It became a village headquarters. Musazi is Chief Chibale’s headquarters to date. It is situated on the eastern side of Nkaka River. After Salala died Chafoma took over as leader and became Chief Chibale. Now this was the fourth column of the chart. When Chafoma died as Chief Chibale, Pundi Kaluba took over as leader and became Chief Chibale. Note that Chafoma and Pundi were family brothers. Chief Chibale Pundi ruled for some years and he constructed wall tree fence around Musazi village. The tree fence was built because at one occasion the Arab Slave traders Caravan reached across Nkaka River. So it was not secure to live in open. It was narrated that the depression of the land people cross today to the grave yard on the road to the Chiefs palace on the left as you come from Chibale village was part of the area where the fence passed. Note that from column one to column four, our ancestors lived brotherly life. Remember nobody narrated to us who became Chief Chibale first between Salala and Chafoma. It was narrated that the following named persons were brothers; Chibeza Gubayi, Chaila-Pundi, Chafoma and Chilyamasi as shown in column 4 of the history chart.Chaila Kaluba- Mwazileni married wives and one of his wives was called Chali Namwayi at the death of Chaila Kaluba. The story is that after Chaila died Chafoma Kaluba inherited Chali Namwayi to be his wife “Apo Chaila Kaluba wakati wafwa musaza wake Chafoma Kaluba wakapyana chokolo Mwana Kazi wa Chaila zina lake wakaba Chali Namwayi. Mwa Chali Namwayi ndimo Chafoma wakabala mwana mwanalume zina lake wakaba Chinkanga. Therefore Chafoma Kaluba was Chief Chibale who followed Salala.Chief Chibale Kasolwe Pundi the young brother of Chaila was born from the line of Kapandwe. His son (Nephew) named Chiswaswa in column five was not happy. May be some of the Royal family members were told by their ancestors’ reasons why Chiswaswa Kaluba acted like that. So Chiswaswa Kaluba organized 10 Bemba visitors to kill his uncle Chief Chibale Kasolwe Pundi. He called for the meeting and invited Chief Chibale Kasolwe Pundi to attend. The Chief came and was accompanied by Malunga the first born son of Chaila. At the meeting as the Chief was speaking, one of the Bemba visitors stood up and cut behind the neck with an axe. This is how Chief Chibale Kasolwe Pundi was murdered as Chief. Malunga attempted to run away but was caught and killed also.The son/nephew Chiswaswa stood up and announced to the people that he was now Chief Chibale. That is how Chiswaswa became Chief Chibale. So in column five of the chart people such as Kapandwe, Chiputa pemba Chisabala, Chembe, Fyatwe Chinkanga and Chiswaswa were family brothers. Some words were spoken at that time such as ‘Kapopo pa bufumu wa bu Chibale’. And more painful words were spoken which only the Royal family members of Chief Chibale remember up to day. All the things happened in Musani Village. Musani was suitable settlement because Nkaka River has wetland which is fertile land good for growing food crops such as Rice and on the upland good for sorghum, millet and maize. Nkaka River has pools of water which provide breeding area for fish. Fish moves between Luangwa River and Nkaka. During the season up to August there was plenty fish which is used as meat for local communities. Areas such as Kaunga, valley of Nkaka River, and Chenzya had many wild game such as elephants which gave them meat and tusks to exchange with other goods. Animals like Buffalos, Bush Bucks, and Impalas etc. provided ready meat for those settlers.The present generation remembers that after the death of Chiswaswa, the succeeding chiefs have been Chinkanga, Chikombwe, Chabalanga and Rabson Pyela.Note that after Chiswaswa organized the murder of Pundi, the families of Kapandwe and Yondo were not happy so they moved out of Musazi village. That meant only the family of Kaluba Kaluba line remained in the village and they kept enthroning themselves as Chief Chibale. This should no longer be the case now the other Kalubas have re-grouped and are back in Chibale, and as can be seen on the family tree are very much part of Kasani lineage. They are in short having same status as others of being Chief Chibale.When Kasani Kaluba separated from Chibeza Goma at Porombwe in Muchinga Province Hill, he and his group of the Senga tribe travelled in various places fetching for good fertile land where they could settle. They travelled along streams because they needed water to drink and water for cooking food.Note that during that period they were no roads or no good paths so they were travelling in the bush. Knowledge in the geographical feature such as the position of the hills, the valleys, river etc. made them follow routes correctly. In the group they had people with different talents for examples-Skilled hunters; some had knowledge of making fire by using a stick (Kasiko). The women made Vibiya-Clay pots and dishes.They ate game meat klled by hunters; they ate honey collected from bee hives. They ate fish caught in river ponds they came across as they moved. Tortoise if found were also eaten. Other edibles included caterpillars (Mabungu) of various types. The fruits from the bush were collected and eaten for example Nchenje, Mabuyu, Masebe, Makusu Vikuyu, Nchinkha, Matobo and many others.The other activity was to grow some crops to be used as food. The crop such as millet was grown around the anthills as seasonal crop. This activity was done when the group had agreed to stay at a temporal settlement until the end of the rain season. They would also plant Nsupa seeds so that the Nsupa should be used for storage of water and honey. Nsupa was also used for carrying water as they travelled in the thicket of the bush. KASANI Kaluba AND CHIBEZA GOMAIn paragraph three of the first page I mentioned that Kasani Kaluba and Chibeza Goma travelled together up to a place called Porombwe around Muchinga Mountains.At Porombwe settlement Kasani Kalub and his group separated from Chibeza Goma and his group. Each one of the group went away with fetching for good land where they could settle. Kasani Kaluba was Chief Chibale and Chibeza Goma was Chief Kambombo. At present both Chiefs are in Chama District. The similarity of names in the royal family of the two Chiefs is a good proof that Kasani Kaluba and Chibeza Goma group were together as they travelled in past years. EXAMPLESNAMES IN THE ROYAL FAMILY OF CHIEF CHIBALE NAMES IN THE ROYAL FAMILY OF CHIEF KAMBOMBO1 Chibeza KalubaRoyal family name in Chief Chibale Chiefdom 1 Chibeza GomaRoyal family name in Chief Kambombo Chefdom2 Kazembe KalubaName give to some royal family members in Chief Chibale 2 Kazembe GomaName given to some of the royal family members in Chief Kambombo3 Katangalika KalubaThe name of village headman of the Chibale royal clan 3 Katangalika KalubaThe name of the village headman of the Kambombo royal clan4 Ng`anjo KalubaThe name of senior village headman of the Chibale royal clan 4 Ng`anjo – is the name of the village in Chief Kambombo5 Chimbilima-The name of the village on the bank of Luangwa in Chibale`s chiefdom 5 Chimbilma GomaThe headman name of the royal family in Chief Kambombo Chiefdom The above name names are found in the Chiefdom of Chief Chibale and Chiefdom of Chief Kambombo. To show that these groups of people travelled together in the past.THE SENIOR HEADMEN IN CHIEF CHIBALEThe senior village headmen are members of the royal family of Chief Chibale Chiefdom. These village headmen assist Chief Chibale to on the throne to rule the chiefdom. Each village headman has to be Kaluba by surname. The senior village headmen have some headmen under their authority. They have some autonomous authority over people in the areas and boundaries of their jurisdiction. These are;1. Chindaba Ndaba2. Kabwala Bwala3. Mwazileni4. Ng`anjo5. Mulombwa6. Kalimbila7. KankombaIn olden days and even these days the above named village headmen are very close to Chief Chibale Chiefdom administration. They are the advisors to the chief.Some of the details about the inheritance of the above village headmen are;1. CHINDABA VILLAGE OR KATANGALIKAThe Chindaba Ndaba line is the first born son of Kapandwe. These have been the persons inheriting this group headman. Only at one period that Kenani the son of Mboloma of Kabwala Bwala line became headman of the village Chindaba.2. KABWALA BWALA VILLAGEKabwala bwala line the second born of Kapandwe are the owners of this group headmen. Gubayi was followed by Kapandwe. Then Mateyo Pabi from Fyatwe line followed Kapandwe. Then there was nobody this prompted Chief to propose nephew daughter of Kapandwe to take over from Mateyo Pabi. His name was Peter Sikanyika the young brother of headman Songozi. After the death of Peter Sikanyika, his son Jim Sikanyika followed. After his demise, Mr. Kenani Kaluba son of Mboloma followed as village headman Kabwala Bwala, then succeeded by his son Makambila.3. MWAZILENI VILLAGEFyatwe lines, the third son of Kapandwe are the owners of this group headman ship. Chaila Kaluba built this village after he built village Ng`anjo. He crossed Luangwa River and built Mawazileni on the east bank of Luangwa. After the death of Chaila, Makambila Chisabala was made headman. Then he was followed by Chimphembya. When he died Mukhala Munyama was made village headman. Chibeza Samson took over from Munyama as Headman Mwazileni. When Chibeza died, the Fyatwe line approached Chief Chibale with a proposal of Chembe Trywell son of Pemba from the Kabwala Bwala line. He was enthroned as Headman Mwazileni.In olden days when Chaila was Headman Mwazileni, he shared boundary with Chief Chikonta of Nyimbili Clan. The boundary ran as follows; Ching`onyani-Lutotozi stream then along Kwalala la nyama apo Kwalala la nyama lakumana na Kamimbe.In later days the district Commissioner from Lundazi came and put Luangwa River as the boundary between Chief Chibale and Chief Mulilo. Chief Chibale still controls Senior Headman Mwazileni and some villages across and along Luangwa River. Note that Chief Mulilo was not in existence at the period when Chief Chibale shared boundary with Chief Chikonta. 4. THE SENIOR HEADMAN NG`ANJOThe village was built by Chaila. Later on Chaila moved across Luangwa River to Mwazileni village. The Malama line have been the headmen of Ng`anjo village. Baba Ndabata Kaluba was headman. After his death, Rabson Sahani became headman followed by Timoti Zyatuba. But he did not stay long, he died. He was followed by Golden Chikombwe as village headman Ng`anjo.5. THE SENIOR HEADMAN KAKOMBAKankomba wa Vipopo-was the first person to build Kakomba village. He was from Yondo line. Chitindi from Malema line was the second Kakomba village headman Kakomba. The third was Simboyole Tandabube as headman Kakomba. He came from Yondo line. Chabweka was fourth headman from the Malama line.When Chambweka died, Zakeyo Simbili Kunga became Kakomba. The writer saw many times as this brother as he came accompanied by Mr. Isaac Gondwe to visit his father/uncle Headman Kalimbila Siwakuta. All the three named are deceased. He was from Malema line. After his death Chinkanga Dokoyo James became village headman Kakomba. He died at Isoka hospital. He was from Malama line. After he died Malizyani son of Bella Chindaba became village headman. He is from Chindaba ndaba line.Summary as follows;SN NAME LINE FROM1 Kankomba wa VipopoSimboyole Yondo Kaluba2 Chitindi Zakeyo Simbili Kunga Malema Kaluba3 ChabwekaChinkanga Dokoyo Malama Kaluba4 Malizyani Bella Chindaba Ndaba-Kapandwe Kaluba6. THE GROUP HEADMAN MULOMBWA-MALEMA LINEJohn Mulombwa the son of Chiswaswa was the group headman Mulombwa in Mazonde. Mazonde is a large area and the group headman Mulombwa has the respect of people who speak Bemba language. The writer has no information on the line of the royal family members who have ascended on this village headman ship.7. THE GROUP HEADMAN KALIMBILA-THE FYATWE LINEOriginally this village was not for the senga royal family. The people who were found were of another clan. It was narrated that those people were fighting among themselves. It happened that they fought so much that one person died. In 1936, Chief Chibale Chikombwe took over the village and put one of his own from the royal members. Malunga Moses the son of Chisabala was made senior Headman Kalimbila. He reigned for so many years. He passed the headman ship to his son/nephew Mr. Anderson Kaluba son of Chibeza Samson before he died. Anderson has been headman ever since his father died until now. Kalimbila is one of the biggest village in the Chiefdom.ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW VILLAGEIn olden days the new villages were established this way. If a person wanted to put up a new village, he approached a senior village headman and explained his motive to build a new village of his own.The Senior Headman would then advise to talk to people who may want to live in the new village. Then each villager was convinced to surrender poll tax certificate commonly known as ‘fitupa’ to the person to be village headman of the new village. Chitupa was an identification document of all male persons above the age 18 years. So the ten or more fitupa were to be collected from male persons willing to live in a new village. These will be taken to the senior village headman. The senior village headman accompanied by the new village headman will then go to Chief Chibale for interview and determination of boundary before being recognized as village headman and new village.The Chief will then register the name of the new village in his register kept at the Chiefs Headquarters. Such villages are recognized villages in the Chiefdom.The Family tree to be inserted hereFUMU KAZI (KALUBA FEMALES)All daughters of Kalubas are called Nya Kaluba. With due respect they are also called Namwase.The royal title is called Fumu Kazi. In this context-fumu kazi means headman or chief. Kazi means female.The fumu kazi are normally respected females of the royal family in the chiefdom. There certain particular names of fumu kazi which are enthroned by senior headmen or by the Chief Chibale himself. This is done so that the names of old fumu kazi are continued. The examples of such names are as follows;a) Chimbwili - the daughter of Salalab) Chenda - the daughter of Kapandwec) Munthambila - the sister of Yondod) Nthakulilwa - the daughter of Chisabalae) Muzalila - the daughter of Chiswaswaf) Nthapa - the daughter of Kabwalabwala. i.e. other names which are not listed here.The sons of fumu kazi and grand sons were or are allowed to be village headmen as well. In olden days fumu kazi’s roles were:-1. Advise their brothers who happened to be village headmen or Chief on matters of governance within the royal family.2. Gifts meant for chiefs (Mithulo) would be received from village headmen, traders of hunters. These did not go straight to the chief but would pass through the fumu kazi for onward transmission to the chief. The other role of fumu kazi was to inform the chief of the old people in the village, the widows and the unmarried. Some of the gift (Mithulo) meant for the chief would then be given out to these disadvantaged groups in the village. The gifts include game meat from Buffalo, elephant, impala and fish. The fumu kazi also played different roles not mentioned in this document.MUMBILI OF CHIEF CHIBALE CHIEFDOMThere are Mumbilis of chief Chibale Chiefdom. These are:-1. Chipengo2. Munzambwe 3. MukumboThese people do not belong to Kaluba Chief Chibale Clan. These people were found in their respective areas at the period when the Senga tribe was moving from place to place in search of good land where they could settle when they arrived from Congo.When the group of people reached them for example Headman CHipaengo, they made agreement between Chief Chibale of the Senga and them, and they would be called Mumbili of Chief Chibale. So the above listed Mumbilis are very important to Chief Chibales Chiefdom. Functions of these Mumbilis ( Chipengo, Munzambwe and Mukumbo) are;a) They must be present at the funeral of Chief Chibale when the Chief diesb) They must contribute in the searching of the royal name in the royal clan to be made chief.c) They must be conversant with the history and family tree of Chief Chibale heritage - ‘Ba manye makola nthumbo za wanagwa wa bu fumu wa bu Chibale’d) They must be present when the Chief is being installed to the thronee) The Mumbili has the duty to see to it that no line or group of Banagwa have monopoly of being Chiefs disregarding other family royal lines. See history family chart. These mumbilis have failed to perform this function as can be seen on the family tree. This documentation of their roles serves as reminder to the mumbilis not to forget their function as regard selection and installation of Chief Chibale.CHIBOLYA CHA BALUNGWANA – THE OLD SETLLEMENT OF THE ARAB TRADEThe Senga people of Chief Chibale finally settled at Musazi on the east bank of Nkanka River.At one time in the past it was narrated by elders that the strange people came at Musazi and put up a camp on the west bank of Nkanka River. The group was of Arab Slave traders. They brought items in exchange for people to be traded as slaves. They also wanted elephant tusks (ivory). The villagers saw these Arabs and fired guns at them. Realizing the danger, the Arabs quickly fled the area and carried with them people they had captured from the surrounding areas. The District Commissioner and his team went to the Arab camp and found some people both females and males. They rounded them up and with the permission of Chief Chibale were settled at the village called Chenda na Nseko. This special group of people was constantly monitored by the District Commissioner for Lundazi.These people were black in complexion, their spoken language was different from local Senga language and their hair cut style was totally different. The Senga people called or named them as ‘Bayeke’ their names and surnames were also strange.As years passed by the inter marriage system took place as a result these days those who maintained their original surnames may be known as coming from that group of people.It is interesting to notice Musazi area in Chief Chibale is the only area known to have been reached by Arab slave traders and Chenda na Nseko village chosen to settle these strange people or these days they could have been refugees.THE DETAILS OF VILLAGES OF SIGNIFICANT HISTORY AS NARRATED BY ELDERSKALONDELA VILLAGEThe villages that only Kaluba surnamed persons have been Village Headmen is patrilineal. Some of the person from this village had been promoted to become Senior Headman Mwazileni for example Chibeza Samson.Malunga Kaluba son of Chaila was the first headman Kalondela. Then Chembe followed. After Chembe died, Chibeza Samson followed. Note that Chibeza Samsom did not die but moved to become Senior Headman Mwazileni. So Chimbala Kaluba picked to replace him. Chimbala was from Yondo line of Chibale Chiefdom.After the death of Chimbala, Chimwenje Kaluba became headman Kalodela. He was from Malema line of Kaluba Kaluba of Chief Chibale. Then Zenga Zibili Jeremiah Kaluba was put as Headman then followed by Dabila Kayisolele Kaluba as village headman Kalondela. ‘Nthumbo zose zitatu pa bu Chibale bali kupyanapo kuba ba headman Kalondela. Ndipo bwanangwa we necho ubu’:-i. Nthumb ya Kapandwe 5ii. Nthumbo ya Kaluba Kaluba 2iii. Nthumbo ya Yondo 1MAHALULE VILLAGEThis village was built across the river called Willa River in the area of group Headman Mwazileni across Luangwa River. The men from this village could come from the patrilineal or matrilineal. ‘Ndipo kuti bapwa abo babaliko muli ba Kaluba nabo ba kupyanapo bu headman’. The first headman to build Mahalule village was Mukhala Kaluba son of Fyatwe Kaluba. Then Fyatwe was the son of Chaila Kaluba. After Mukhala Kaluba died Chimang`anga Mvula who was son of Chisakwe nya Kaluba fumu (kazi). Chimang`anga Mvula was the father of Yohane Mvula. Yhane Mvula was later named Malama in Chief Chibale village headquarters. Then after the death of Chimang`anga Mvula then Munyama Kaluba took over as headman Muhaule. Later Munyama was promoted to be group headman Mwazileni. After Munyama moved then Mataukila Kaluba became headman. Simone Mataukila was the son of Munyama Kaluba. When Mataukila died then nephew named Frank Simwanza became headman Muhaule. Frank Simwanza is son of nya Kaluba (fumu kazi Fage).MAZILA VILLAGEThis village inheritance follows the matrilineal system. That is to say the sons of Banya Kaluba (Bana Bafumu Kazi) are the people who are put as headmen of this village. Chawela waka Mvula was the first headmanof Mazila village. He came from Lundu. He was born from nya Kaluba (fumu kazi Mwazileni and Chiwela waka Mvula were cousins).MASAVULA VILLAGEChing`oma Chipeta was the person who built this village. He was son of ba nya Kaluba – fumu Kazi. After he died they put Kalokola Simfukwe as village headman Masavula. He had some family at the village. He left the village and settled at Isoka boma. He died at Isoka Boma. Vinthu Kumwana inherited as Headman Masavula. Note that Vinthu Kumwana after him Samuel Chipeta commonly known as Phamu Chipeta was put as Headman Masavula. Samuel Chipeta was born from Nya Kaluba fumu Kazi Chisakwe. This village is matrilineal. NKULA VILLAGEThis village is matrilineal. ‘Muzi waku chana kazi’. The first headman Nkula was named Chimusala Mupala. He was nephew to Chisabala Kaluba, Headman Mwazileni. After the death of Chimusala came Katubili. Katubili was son of Mukonda. It so happened that Katubili Nkula killed his wife named Kalungu. Lady Kalungu was the daughter of Headman Kambwili of Senior Chief Kambombo. Now the village Nkula remained vacant without headman for some years because Chief Chibale could have paid mutumba to Chief Kambombo if Chief Chibale had put another person as village headman Nkula.Years later Mr. James Chipeta was put as village headman Nkula. After he died, Mr. Jonas Chipeta became village headman Nkula. When he died Mr. Alick Chipeta commonly known by the name ‘Kalimujume’ was made village headman. He stayed as Headman Nkula for some good number of years and died. Then Mr. Philimon Kaluba of the Yondo line was made village headman.FUMU KAZI CHENDA NYA KalubaChenda nya Kaluba was the daughter of Kabwalabwala. Chenda had two sons;1. Ponda Ponda Sibale2. Yamba Yamba SibaleThe son of Ponda Ponda Sibale was Mr. Gidion Sibale – Chimwa Mutaba.The sons of Yamba Yamba were;1. Pacha Sibale – He was the first headman Kajionele on the west bank of Luangwa River.2. Abshai Sibale – Mwini Mphande. He was well known person in Chibale and Mulilo Chiefdoms. He died in Chief Chibale Headquarters’.Please note that the villages not written in this documents means that the writer has no detailed information on them. Therefore those who may be interested should write the named villages and names of village headmen who were put to administer them. The writer would welcome anybody to give the first and second village headmen of these villages.KANJIONELE VILLAGE The period between 1959-1962, the senior village headman Kalimbila Siwakuta and senior village headman mwazileni Munyama met and discussed how they could honour their brother Chembe Kapandwe Trywell Kaluba. Chembe Trywell Kaluba grew up with the uncle as guardian in Chief Tembwe of Chama District. At this period he came to teach at Mulilo School. Chembe Kapnadwe Trywell was born as son of Pemba Kaluba in the line of Kabwalabwala.The two senior village headmen resolved to give Chembe Kapandwe Trywell a village and named it Kapandwe. But realized as school teacher he will be moving from one school to another on transfer. So they decided to give the village to the line of fumu kazi. At this point the two senior village headmen remembered the name of Chenda nya Kaluba. Chenda nya Kaluba was daughter of senior village headman Kabwalabwala-the late.Fumu kazi Chenda nya Kaluba had two sons namely Ponda Sibale the father to Gidion Chimwa Sibale and Yamba Yamba the father of Pache Sibale and Abshai Mwini Mphande Sibale.So Mr Pache Sibale was asked to gather ten poll tax certificates known as vitupa. After that job was done senior headman Siwakuta took Pache Sibale to Chief Chibale Kolela to register the new village named Kajionele village. Te village was built on the west bank of Luangwa River. The first village Kanjionele was Pache Sibale. He did not live long enough. He died. The village remained for a long period without the headman. But later the son of Tobonto Kaluba called Tobonto Kaluba junior was made caretaker of the village. Mr. Anderson Mandevu came back from Kasama to live at home. He was made village headman Kajionele. In later years village headman Kanjionele Mandevu Kaluba died. After his death Jumas Kaluba was put as village headman Kanjionele. Kasolwe Jumas Kaluba was son of senior headman Mwazileni Chibeza. KASOKOLOKA VILLAGEMuthambila nya Kaluba wakaba mudumbu wa Yondo Kaluba. Aba bakababika ba nthembwa (twins). Bakati ba kula ba kafwa zuba limoza pera. Ba katuma nduvyo kwa Yondo kuti Munthambila wafwa. Kwa Yondo nako ba katuma nduvyo kwa Munthambila kuti Yond wafwa. Sono nduvyo zibili zikakumana pa nthowa pakati ku yobo yeskana za zinyifwa ya Muthambila nya mundumbu wake Yondo. Sono fumu kazi Munthambila ndiyo mwenecho wa bu Kasokoloka. Bana Ba Munthambila ndibo kapyananga pa bu Kasokoloka. Bufumu ubu mbwa bafumu kazi.SONGOZI VILLAGEBUFUMU BW KUCHANA KAZISimboyole Tandabube Kaluba had a sister nya Kaluba Namwase. They stayed at Kayula village. They were born in Yondo line. Simboyole was the senior village headman Kakomba number three(3).The fumu kazi Namwase married to a man named Mr.Sikanyika from Chief Katyetye of isoka District. He was Tambo by tribe. They had children and males were as follows;1. Mateyo Chandinka Sikanyika 2. Kapumba Sikanyika3. Peter Sikanyika4. Daniel SikanyikaAnd sister was as; Fanny Nakanyika the mother to Burton Nyimbili.As years passed the royal family of Chief Chibale through senior village headman Kabwalabwala allowed one of the sons of fumu kazi Namwase to build a village near the border with the Tambo people of Kampumbu area of Chief Katyetye. So Kampumba Sikanyika was the first headman Songozi. The village Songozi was built near a stream named Katowe. On the east of the village is Luangwa River. Lupandizi River is the boundary between Chief Chibale of the Senga tribe of Chma District and Kampumbu area of Chief Katyetye of the Tambo tribe of Isoka District. When Kapumba Sikanyika headman Songozi died, the Sikanyika relatives from Katyetye chose one Sikanyika to inherit as headman Songozi. But Chief Chibale royal family membes rejected it. They put up a condition that only the children or grand children of Sikanyika born of line of fumu kazi Namwase should be allowed to inherit as headman Songozi. This condition was followed up. Remember that Peter Sikanyika was allowed to become senior village headman Kabwalabwala. Headman Songozi should report to Kabwalabwala should there be issues of border tribal frictions. NYOMBE VILLAGEThe history of Nyombe village is unique in the way it was established. Chief Chibale Kolela married a lady from Muyombe area around Wenela place. She was a daughter of Sikalumbi family. When Chief Chibale brought his wife to Musazi she was followed by brother named Nthumba Kalumbi to stay with his sister, chiefs’ wife. It became hard for the chief to have his Mulamu close to him. So chief Chibale Kolela asked his brother senior village headman Kalimbila Siwakuta to give Nthumba Kalumbi a place where he could live.Senior village headman Kalimbila Siwakuta after consultation with other royal family members agreed to give a place in village headman kalimbila’s area to Nthumba and named it Nyombe. It was built across Nkanka River as you come from village senior village headman Kalimbila. The Kalumbi family was established at Nyombe village and this village is the original home in the Chiefdom. When Ntumba Kalumbi headman Nyombe died, his elder son named Jordan became headman Nyombe. Jordan Kalumbi did not live long as headman, he died.After death of Jordan his young brother named Musapopa Kalumbi became village headman Nyombe. Mr Moses Smart Pundi KalubaRoyal family member of Chief Chibale".
• Senga_people wikiPageID "28948536".
• Senga_people wikiPageRevisionID "604347313".
• Senga_people hasPhotoCollection Senga_people.
• Senga_people subject Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Zambia.
• Senga_people type Abstraction100002137.
• Senga_people type EthnicGroup107967382.
• Senga_people type EthnicGroupsInZambia.
• Senga_people type Group100031264.
• Senga_people comment "The Senga, who are different from the Nsenga, are an ethnic tribe of Zambia.The Senga are a tribe who migrated from the southern part of present day Congo DRC. They re-settled in the Luangwa valley amongst the Tumbuka speaking people. The language they speak though similar to Tumbuka is distinct and also shares a common strain with Bisa/Bemba.Origins:What the Senga can tell of their past begins with migration to their present home perhaps three centuries ago.".
• Senga_people label "Senga people".
• Senga_people sameAs m.0dgrw0b.
• Senga_people sameAs Q7450527.
• Senga_people sameAs Q7450527.
• Senga_people sameAs Senga_people.
• Senga_people wasDerivedFrom Senga_people?oldid=604347313.
• Senga_people isPrimaryTopicOf Senga_people.