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- Sneeze abstract "A sneeze, or sternutation, is a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa. A sneeze expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from irritation of the nasal mucous membrane. Sneezing is possibly linked to sudden exposure to bright light, sudden change (fall) in temperature, breeze of cold air, a particularly full stomach, or viral infection, and can lead to the spread of disease.The function of sneezing is to expel mucus containing foreign particles or irritants and cleanse the nasal cavity. During a sneeze, the soft palate and palatine uvula depress while the back of the tongue elevates to partially close the passage to the mouth so that air ejected from the lungs may be expelled through the nose. Because the closing of the mouth is partial, a considerable amount of this air is usually also expelled from the mouth. The force and extent of the expulsion of the air through the nose varies.Sneezing typically occurs when foreign particles or sufficient external stimulants pass through the nasal hairs to reach the nasal mucosa. This triggers the release of histamines, which irritate the nerve cells in the nose, resulting in signals being sent to the brain to initiate the sneeze through the trigeminal nerve network. The brain then relates this initial signal, activates the pharyngeal and tracheal muscles and creates a large opening of the nasal and oral cavities, resulting in a powerful release of air and bioparticles. The powerful nature of a sneeze is attributed to its involvement of numerous organs of the upper body – it is a reflexive response involving the face, throat, and chest muscles.Sneezing is also triggered by sinus nerve stimulation caused by nasal congestion and allergies.The neural regions involved in the sneeze reflex are located in the brainstem along the ventromedial part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and the adjacent pontine-medullary lateral reticular formation. This region appears to control the epipharyngeal, intrinsic laryngeal and respiratory muscles, and the combined activity of these muscles serve as the basis for the generation of a sneeze.The sneeze reflex involves contraction of a number of different muscles and muscle groups throughout the body, typically including the eyelids. The common suggestion that it is impossible to sneeze with one's eyes open is, however, inaccurate.Other than irritating foreign particles, allergies or possible illness, another stimulus is sudden exposure to bright light - a condition known as photic sneeze reflex. The tendency to sneeze upon exposure to bright light is an autosomal dominant trait and affects 18-35% of the human population.A rarer trigger, observed in some individuals, is the fullness of the stomach immediately after a large meal. This is known as snatiation and is regarded a medical disorder passed along genetically as an autosomal dominant trait.Sneezing cannot occur during sleep due to REM atonia - a bodily state wherein motor neurons are not stimulated and reflex signals are not relayed to the brain. Sufficient external stimulants, however, may cause a person to wake from their sleep for the purpose of sneezing, although any sneezing occurring afterwards would take place with a partially awake status at minimum.".
- Sneeze thumbnail Sneeze.JPG?width=300.
- Sneeze wikiPageExternalLink protect10.html.
- Sneeze wikiPageExternalLink 865380242.Me.r.html.
- Sneeze wikiPageExternalLink why_do_my_eyes_close_every_time_i_sneeze.
- Sneeze wikiPageExternalLink ColdsAndFlu.aspx?Host=Nhsd&SyndicationPartnerGuid=d19370ea-a100-407d-9695-b73407f701c7&TopicGuid=8c903315-a302-412a-bfae-9cb576d4b4cd.
- Sneeze wikiPageExternalLink story.php?storyId=5435812.
- Sneeze wikiPageExternalLink osc60.htm.
- Sneeze wikiPageExternalLink blessyou.htm.
- Sneeze wikiPageExternalLink a2_304.html.
- Sneeze wikiPageID "232411".
- Sneeze wikiPageRevisionID "603134852".
- Sneeze action "Involuntary".
- Sneeze biologicalSystem Respiratory_system.
- Sneeze caption "Sneezing can spread disease by launching disease vectors into the air".
- Sneeze filename "sneeze.ogg".
- Sneeze hasPhotoCollection Sneeze.
- Sneeze health "Beneficial".
- Sneeze method "Expulsion of air through nose/mouth".
- Sneeze name "Sneeze".
- Sneeze outcome "Removal of irritant".
- Sneeze stimuli Infection.
- Sneeze stimuli Photic_sneeze_reflex.
- Sneeze stimuli Snatiation.
- Sneeze stimuli "Cold air".
- Sneeze stimuli "Irritants of the nasal mucosa".
- Sneeze title "Sneeze".
- Sneeze subject Category:Physiology.
- Sneeze subject Category:Reflexes.
- Sneeze subject Category:Sneeze.
- Sneeze subject Category:Symptoms_and_signs:_Respiratory_system.
- Sneeze comment "A sneeze, or sternutation, is a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa. A sneeze expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from irritation of the nasal mucous membrane.".
- Sneeze label "Espirro".
- Sneeze label "Estornudo".
- Sneeze label "Kichanie".
- Sneeze label "Niesen".
- Sneeze label "Niezen".
- Sneeze label "Sneeze".
- Sneeze label "Starnuto".
- Sneeze label "Éternuement".
- Sneeze label "Чиханье".
- Sneeze label "عطاس".
- Sneeze label "くしゃみ".
- Sneeze label "噴嚏".
- Sneeze sameAs Niesen.
- Sneeze sameAs Estornudo.
- Sneeze sameAs Doministiku.
- Sneeze sameAs Éternuement.
- Sneeze sameAs Bersin.
- Sneeze sameAs Starnuto.
- Sneeze sameAs くしゃみ.
- Sneeze sameAs 재채기.
- Sneeze sameAs Niezen.
- Sneeze sameAs Kichanie.
- Sneeze sameAs Espirro.
- Sneeze sameAs m.01hsr_.
- Sneeze sameAs Q35830.
- Sneeze sameAs Q35830.
- Sneeze wasDerivedFrom Sneeze?oldid=603134852.
- Sneeze depiction Sneeze.JPG.
- Sneeze isPrimaryTopicOf Sneeze.