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- Soviet_biological_weapons_program abstract "The Soviet Union began a biological weapons program in the 1920s although the Soviet Union was a signatory to the 1925 Geneva Convention, which banned both chemical and biological weapons. During World War II, Joseph Stalin was forced to move his biological weapons (BW) operations out of the path of advancing German forces and may have used tularemia against German troops in 1942 near Stalingrad.By 1960, numerous BW research facilities existed throughout the Soviet Union. Although the USSR also signed the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), the Soviets subsequently augmented their biowarfare programs. Over the course of its history, the Soviet program is known to have weaponized and stockpiled the following eleven bio-agents (and to have pursued basic research on many more):Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)Yersinia pestis (plague)Francisella tularensis (tularemia)Burkholderia mallei (glanders)Brucella spp (brucellosis)Coxiella burnetii (Q-fever)Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE)Botulinum toxin (botulism)Staphylococcal enterotoxin BSmallpoxMarburg virusThese programs became immense and were conducted at 52 clandestine sites employing over 50,000 people. Annualized production capacity for weaponized smallpox, for example, was 90 to 100 tons. In the 1980s and 1990s, many of these agents were genetically altered to resist heat, cold, and antibiotics. In the 1990s, Boris Yeltsin admitted to an offensive bio-weapons program as well as to the true nature of the Sverdlovsk biological weapons accident of 1979, which had resulted in the deaths of at least 64 people. Defecting Soviet bioweaponeers such as Colonel Kanatjan Alibekov confirmed that the program had been massive and still existed. An agreement was signed with the US and UK promising to end bio-weapons programs and convert BW facilities to benevolent purposes, but compliance with the agreement — and the fate of the former Soviet bio-agents and facilities — is still mostly undocumented.".
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink 14923_tularemia.html.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink p_tucker.htm.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C00E4DD123EF936A15751C0A96E958260.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink russianbiochemicalweapons.blogspot.com.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink N82364335G440X81.pdf.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink bthistor2.htm.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink redlies.html.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink life.htm.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink _ednref15.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink alibek.htm.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink art00002.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageExternalLink 222.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageID "11564525".
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wikiPageRevisionID "602612056".
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program hasPhotoCollection Soviet_biological_weapons_program.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program subject Category:Biological_warfare.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program subject Category:Military_medicine_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program subject Category:Military_of_the_Soviet_Union.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program subject Category:Science_and_technology_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program subject Category:Weapons_of_Russia.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program subject Category:Weapons_of_the_Soviet_Union.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program type Artifact100021939.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program type Device103183080.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program type Instrument103574816.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program type Instrumentality103575240.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program type Object100002684.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program type Weapon104565375.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program type WeaponsOfRussia.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program type WeaponsOfTheSovietUnion.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program type Whole100003553.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program comment "The Soviet Union began a biological weapons program in the 1920s although the Soviet Union was a signatory to the 1925 Geneva Convention, which banned both chemical and biological weapons. During World War II, Joseph Stalin was forced to move his biological weapons (BW) operations out of the path of advancing German forces and may have used tularemia against German troops in 1942 near Stalingrad.By 1960, numerous BW research facilities existed throughout the Soviet Union.".
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program label "Soviet biological weapons program".
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program label "Storia dell'uso di armi biologiche in Unione Sovietica".
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program sameAs Storia_dell'uso_di_armi_biologiche_in_Unione_Sovietica.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program sameAs m.02rj9vc.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program sameAs Q3974052.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program sameAs Q3974052.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program sameAs Soviet_biological_weapons_program.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program wasDerivedFrom Soviet_biological_weapons_program?oldid=602612056.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program homepage N82364335G440X81.pdf.
- Soviet_biological_weapons_program isPrimaryTopicOf Soviet_biological_weapons_program.