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- Stringent_response abstract "The stringent response, also called stringent control, is a stress response of bacteria and plant chloroplasts in reaction to amino-acid starvation, fatty acid limitation, iron limitation, heat shock and other stress conditions. The stringent response is signaled by the alarmone (p)ppGpp, and modulates transcription of up to 1/3 of all genes in the cell. This in turn causes the cell to divert resources away from growth and division and toward amino acid synthesis in order to promote survival until nutrient conditions improve.In Escherichia coli (p)ppGpp production is mediated by the ribosomal protein L11 (rplK resp. relC) and the ribosome-associated (p)ppGpp synthetase I, RelA; deacylated tRNA bound in the ribosomal A-site is the primary induction signal. RelA converts GTP and ATP into pppGpp by adding the pyrophosphate from ATP onto the 3' carbon of the ribose in GTP releasing AMP. pppGpp is converted to ppGpp by the gpp gene product, releasing Pi. ppGpp is converted to GDP by the spoT gene product, releasing pyrophosphate (PPi).GDP is converted to GTP by the ndk gene product. Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) provides the Pi, and is converted to Nucleoside diphosphate (NDP). In other bacteria the stringent response is mediated by a variety of RelA/SpoT Homologue (RSH) proteins, with some having only synthetic, or hydrolytic or both (Rel) activities.During the stringent response, (p)ppGpp accumulation affects the resource-consuming cell processes replication, transcription, and translation. (p)ppGpp is thought to bind RNA polymerase and alter the transcriptional profile, decreasing the synthesis of translational machinery (such as rRNA and tRNA), and increasing the transcription of biosynthetic genes. Additionally, the initiation of new rounds of replication is inhibited and the cell cycle arrests until nutrient conditions improve. Translational GTPases involved in protein biosynthesis are also affected by ppGpp, with Initiation Factor 2 (IF2) being the main target.Chemical reaction catalyzed by RelA:ATP + GTP → AMP + pppGppChemical reaction catalyzed by SpoT:ppGpp → GDP + PPiorppGpp -> GTP + PPiExtensive Mendeley collection of scientific papers covering stringent response is available here.".
- Stringent_response wikiPageExternalLink papers.
- Stringent_response wikiPageID "3991708".
- Stringent_response wikiPageRevisionID "600527755".
- Stringent_response hasPhotoCollection Stringent_response.
- Stringent_response subject Category:Cellular_processes.
- Stringent_response type Abstraction100002137.
- Stringent_response type Act100030358.
- Stringent_response type Activity100407535.
- Stringent_response type CellularProcesses.
- Stringent_response type Event100029378.
- Stringent_response type Procedure101023820.
- Stringent_response type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Stringent_response type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Stringent_response comment "The stringent response, also called stringent control, is a stress response of bacteria and plant chloroplasts in reaction to amino-acid starvation, fatty acid limitation, iron limitation, heat shock and other stress conditions. The stringent response is signaled by the alarmone (p)ppGpp, and modulates transcription of up to 1/3 of all genes in the cell.".
- Stringent_response label "Stringent Response".
- Stringent_response label "Stringent response".
- Stringent_response label "严禁反应".
- Stringent_response sameAs Stringent_Response.
- Stringent_response sameAs m.0bbfpj.
- Stringent_response sameAs Q906548.
- Stringent_response sameAs Q906548.
- Stringent_response sameAs Stringent_response.
- Stringent_response wasDerivedFrom Stringent_response?oldid=600527755.
- Stringent_response isPrimaryTopicOf Stringent_response.