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- Strom_Thurmond abstract "James Strom Thurmond (December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served for 48 years as a United States Senator. He ran for president in 1948 as the States Rights Democratic Party candidate, receiving 2.4% of the popular vote and 39 electoral votes. Thurmond represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 until 2003, at first as a Democrat and, after 1964, as a Republican. He switched because of his opposition to the 1964 Civil Rights Act, disaffection with the liberalism of the national party, and his support for the conservatism and opposition to the Civil Rights bill of the Republican presidential candidate Senator Barry Goldwater. He left office as the only member of either house of Congress to reach the age of 100 while still in office, and as the oldest-serving and longest-serving senator in U.S. history (although he was later surpassed in length of service by Robert Byrd and Daniel Inouye). Thurmond holds the record as the longest-serving member of Congress to serve exclusively in the Senate, and is also the longest-serving Republican member of Congress in U.S. history. At 14 years, he was also the longest-serving Dean of the United States Senate in U.S. history.In opposition to the Civil Rights Act of 1957, he conducted the longest filibuster ever by a lone senator, at 24 hours and 18 minutes in length, nonstop. In the 1960s, he opposed the civil rights legislation of 1964 and 1965 to end segregation and enforce the voting rights of African-American citizens. He always insisted he had never been a racist, but was opposed to excessive federal authority, and he attributed the movement for integration to Communist agitators. In 1948, Thurmond stated: all the laws of Washington and all the bayonets of the Army cannot force the Negro into our homes, into our schools, our churches and our places of recreation and amusement.Starting in the 1970s, he moderated his position on race, but continued to defend his early segregationist campaigns on the basis of states' rights in the context of Southern society at the time, never fully renouncing his earlier viewpoints.Six months after Thurmond's death in 2003, it was revealed that at age 22, he had fathered a mixed-race daughter, Essie Mae Washington-Williams, with his family's maid, Carrie Butler, a 16-year-old black girl. Although Thurmond never publicly acknowledged Essie Mae, he paid for her education at a historically black college and passed other money to her for some time. She kept silent out of respect for her father and denied that the two had agreed that she would not reveal her connection to Thurmond. His children by his marriage eventually acknowledged her.".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsEndDate "1951-01-16".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsEndDate "1956-04-04".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsEndDate "1987-01-03".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsEndDate "2001-01-03".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsEndDate "2001-06-06".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsEndDate "2003-01-03".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsStartDate "1947-01-21".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsStartDate "1954-12-24".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsStartDate "1956-11-07".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsStartDate "1981-01-03".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsStartDate "1995-01-03".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsStartDate "2001-01-20".
- Strom_Thurmond activeYearsStartDate "2001-06-06".
- Strom_Thurmond alias "Thurmond, James Strom".
- Strom_Thurmond award Bronze_Star_Medal.
- Strom_Thurmond award Croix_de_guerre_1939%E2%80%931945_(France).
- Strom_Thurmond award European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal.
- Strom_Thurmond award Legion_of_Merit.
- Strom_Thurmond award Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium).
- Strom_Thurmond award Purple_Heart.
- Strom_Thurmond award World_War_II_Victory_Medal_(United_States).
- Strom_Thurmond battle Invasion_of_Normandy.
- Strom_Thurmond battle World_War_II.
- Strom_Thurmond birthDate "1902-12-05".
- Strom_Thurmond birthPlace Edgefield,_South_Carolina.
- Strom_Thurmond birthPlace South_Carolina.
- Strom_Thurmond birthYear "1902".
- Strom_Thurmond child Essie_Mae_Washington-Williams.
- Strom_Thurmond child Paul_Thurmond.
- Strom_Thurmond country United_States.
- Strom_Thurmond deathDate "2003-06-26".
- Strom_Thurmond deathPlace Edgefield,_South_Carolina.
- Strom_Thurmond deathPlace South_Carolina.
- Strom_Thurmond deathYear "2003".
- Strom_Thurmond individualisedGnd "119122057".
- Strom_Thurmond lccnId "n/50/11902".
- Strom_Thurmond lieutenant George_Bell_Timmerman,_Jr..
- Strom_Thurmond militaryBranch United_States_Army_Reserve.
- Strom_Thurmond militaryRank Major_general_(United_States).
- Strom_Thurmond office "Member of the South Carolina Senate from Edgefield County".
- Strom_Thurmond orderInOffice "103rd Governor of South Carolina".
- Strom_Thurmond orderInOffice "1st President pro tempore emeritus of the United States Senate".
- Strom_Thurmond orderInOffice "President pro tempore of the United States Senate".
- Strom_Thurmond orderInOffice "United States Senator".
- Strom_Thurmond orderInOffice "from South Carolina".
- Strom_Thurmond party Democratic_Party_(United_States).
- Strom_Thurmond party Dixiecrat.
- Strom_Thurmond party Republican_Party_(United_States).
- Strom_Thurmond profession Lawyer.
- Strom_Thurmond profession Teacher.
- Strom_Thurmond religion Southern_Baptist_Convention.
- Strom_Thurmond serviceEndYear "1964".
- Strom_Thurmond serviceStartYear "1924".
- Strom_Thurmond successor James_F._Byrnes.
- Strom_Thurmond successor John_C._Stennis.
- Strom_Thurmond successor Lindsey_Graham.
- Strom_Thurmond successor Robert_Byrd.
- Strom_Thurmond successor Thomas_A._Wofford.
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- Strom_Thurmond termPeriod Strom_Thurmond__4.
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- Strom_Thurmond termPeriod Strom_Thurmond__6.
- Strom_Thurmond termPeriod Strom_Thurmond__7.
- Strom_Thurmond termPeriod Strom_Thurmond__8.
- Strom_Thurmond thumbnail Strom_Thurmond.jpg?width=300.
- Strom_Thurmond viafId "5734142".
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageExternalLink joebidenstromthurmondeulogy.htm.
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- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageExternalLink scarred-stone-strom-thurmond-monument.
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageExternalLink sti.clemson.edu.
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageExternalLink Nadine+Cohodas.aspx.
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- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageID "44642".
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageRevisionID "606717516".
- Strom_Thurmond after Lindsey_Graham.
- Strom_Thurmond after Robert_Byrd.
- Strom_Thurmond after Thomas_A._Wofford.
- Strom_Thurmond after "West Virginia".
- Strom_Thurmond alongside Donald_S._Russell.
- Strom_Thurmond alongside Ernest_Hollings.
- Strom_Thurmond alongside Olin_D._Johnston.
- Strom_Thurmond alternativeNames "Thurmond, James Strom".
- Strom_Thurmond awards Croix_de_guerre_1939–1945.
- Strom_Thurmond awards European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal.
- Strom_Thurmond awards Legion_of_Merit.
- Strom_Thurmond awards Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium).
- Strom_Thurmond awards Purple_Heart.
- Strom_Thurmond awards World_War_II_Victory_Medal_(United_States).