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- Third_Servile_War abstract "The Third Servile War (73–71 BC), also called the Gladiator War and the War of Spartacus by Plutarch, was the last of a series of unrelated and unsuccessful slave rebellions against the Roman Republic, known collectively as the Roman Servile Wars.The Third Servile War was the only one to directly threaten the Roman heartland of Italy and was doubly alarming to the Roman people due to the repeated successes of the rapidly growing band of escaped former slaves against the Roman army between 73 and 71 BC. The rebellion was finally crushed through the concentrated military effort of a single commander, Marcus Licinius Crassus, although the rebellion continued to have indirect effects on Roman politics for years to come.Between 73 and 71 BC, a band of escaped slaves—originally a small cadre of about 78 primarily Thracian, Gallic and Germanic escaped gladiators which grew into a band of over 120,000 men, women and children—wandered throughout and raided Italy with relative impunity under the guidance of several leaders, including the famous gladiator-general Spartacus. The able-bodied adults of this band were a surprisingly effective armed force that repeatedly showed they could withstand the Roman military, from the local Campanian patrols, to the Roman militia, and to trained Roman legions under consular command. Plutarch described the actions of the slaves as an attempt by Roman slaves to escape their masters and flee through Cisalpine Gaul, while Appian and Florus depicted the revolt as a civil war in which the slaves waged a campaign to capture the city of Rome itself.The Roman Senate's growing alarm about the continued military successes of this band, and about their depredations against Roman towns and the countryside, eventually led to Rome's fielding of an army of eight legions under the harsh but effective leadership of Marcus Licinius Crassus. The war ended in 71 BC when the armies of Spartacus, after long and bitter fighting, retreating before the legions of Crassus, and realizing that the legions of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus were moving in to entrap them, launched their full strength against Crassus' legions and were utterly destroyed.The Third Servile War was significant to the broader history of ancient Rome in its effect on the careers of Pompey and Crassus. The two generals used their success in putting down the rebellion to further their political careers, using their public acclaim and the implied threat of their legions to sway the consular elections of 70 BC in their favor. Their actions as Consuls greatly furthered the subversion of Roman political institutions and contributed to the eventual transition of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.Fictional accounts—such as Stanley Kubrick's 1960 film Spartacus—sometimes portray the rebelling slaves as ancient Roman freedom fighters, struggling to change a corrupt Roman society and to end the Roman institution of slavery. Although this is not contradicted by classical historians, no historical account mentions that the goal of the rebel slaves was to end slavery in the Republic, nor do any of the actions of rebel leaders, who themselves committed numerous atrocities, seem specifically aimed at ending slavery.".
- Third_Servile_War causalties "30,000 (including Crixus) killed by Lucius Gellius Publicola, 6000 crucified by Crassus, 5000 routed and crucified by Pompey, almost all others are killed or crucified".
- Third_Servile_War combatant "Army of escaped slaves".
- Third_Servile_War combatant "Roman Republic".
- Third_Servile_War commander Castus_(rebel_slave).
- Third_Servile_War commander Crixus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Gaius_Cassius_Longinus_Varus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Gaius_Claudius_Glaber.
- Third_Servile_War commander Gannicus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Gnaeus_Cornelius_Lentulus_Clodianus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Gnaeus_Manlius.
- Third_Servile_War commander Gnaeus_Tremellius_Scrofa.
- Third_Servile_War commander Lucius_Cossinius.
- Third_Servile_War commander Lucius_Furius.
- Third_Servile_War commander Lucius_Gellius_Publicola_(consul_72_BC).
- Third_Servile_War commander Marcus_Licinius_Crassus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Marcus_Terentius_Varro_Lucullus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Oenomaus_(rebel_slave).
- Third_Servile_War commander Pompey.
- Third_Servile_War commander Publius_Varinius.
- Third_Servile_War commander Spartacus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Thracians.
- Third_Servile_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Servile_Wars.
- Third_Servile_War place Roman_Italy.
- Third_Servile_War result "Decisive Roman victory".
- Third_Servile_War strength "12,000 additional troops, composition unknown.".
- Third_Servile_War strength "120,000 escaped slaves and gladiators, including non-combatants; total number of combatants unknown".
- Third_Servile_War strength "3,000+ militia".
- Third_Servile_War strength "8 Roman legions of 4,000–6,000 Infantrymen + auxiliaries (32,000-48,000 Infantry + auxiliaries, total)".
- Third_Servile_War thumbnail Italy_and_environs,_218_BC.gif?width=300.
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- Third_Servile_War caption "Italy and surrounding territory, 218 BC".
- Third_Servile_War casualties "30000".
- Third_Servile_War casualties "Unspecified but heavy".
- Third_Servile_War combatant Roman_Republic.
- Third_Servile_War combatant "Army of escaped slaves".
- Third_Servile_War commander Gaius_Cassius_Longinus_Varus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Gaius_Claudius_Glaber.
- Third_Servile_War commander Gnaeus_Cornelius_Lentulus_Clodianus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Gnaeus_Manlius.
- Third_Servile_War commander Gnaeus_Tremellius_Scrofa.
- Third_Servile_War commander Lucius_Furius.
- Third_Servile_War commander Lucius_Gellius_Publicola_(consul_72_BC).
- Third_Servile_War commander Marcus_Licinius_Crassus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Marcus_Terentius_Varro_Lucullus.
- Third_Servile_War commander Pompey.
- Third_Servile_War commander Publius_Varinius.
- Third_Servile_War commander "Castus".
- Third_Servile_War commander "Crixus".
- Third_Servile_War commander "Gannicus".
- Third_Servile_War commander "Lucius Cossinius".
- Third_Servile_War commander "Lucius Quinctius".
- Third_Servile_War commander "Oenomaus".
- Third_Servile_War commander "Spartacus".
- Third_Servile_War conflict "Third Servile War".
- Third_Servile_War date "73".
- Third_Servile_War hasPhotoCollection Third_Servile_War.
- Third_Servile_War partof "the Roman Servile Wars".
- Third_Servile_War place "Italy".
- Third_Servile_War result "Decisive Roman victory".
- Third_Servile_War strength "12000".
- Third_Servile_War strength "120000".
- Third_Servile_War strength "3000".
- Third_Servile_War strength "8".
- Third_Servile_War wordnet_type synset-war-noun-1.
- Third_Servile_War subject Category:70s_BC_conflicts.
- Third_Servile_War subject Category:Third_Servile_War.
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- Third_Servile_War type Abstraction100002137.
- Third_Servile_War type Act100030358.
- Third_Servile_War type Conflict100958896.
- Third_Servile_War type Event100029378.
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- Third_Servile_War type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
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